Modification of wood flour/<scp>PLA</scp> composites by reactive extrusion with maleic anhydride

Lv, Shanshan; Gu, Jiyou; Tan, Hongbo; Zhang, Yanhua

doi:10.1002/app.43295

Cited by 42 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This is an indication that enhancing the interaction between coir fibers and PLA led to a crosslinked network structure in the biocomposites in which PLA chains mobility was reduced; i.e. if the interaction between coir fibers and PLA is strong enough, this reduces the polymer chains mobility which is related to the glass transition . In the same way, it is possible that the fiber‐matrix interaction in CT‐PMVE‐BC decreases the chain mobility leading to lower T g by 7°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of surface treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of injection molded poly(lactic acid)‐coir fiber biocomposites

et al. 2018

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In this study, two different surface treatments were evaluated to improve the compatibility of coir fibers with poly(lactic acid). The chemical modifications were achieved by fiber surface treatment with a maleic anhydride grafted to poly(lactic acid) (MAPLA) solution or a poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (MA-c-PMVE) aqueous solution. The fibers were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared to determine the type and level of surface modification. The biocomposites were compounded via extrusion and molded by injection. Mechanical testing showed increases in tensile modulus (around 16%) and flexural modulus (around 16%) for both treatments, but MA-c-PMVE (29%) was more effective than MAPLA (15%) in strength improvement. Finally, the surface treated fibers led to much lower biocomposites water absorption than untreated ones. a CUF, untreated coir fibers. b CT-MAPLA, coir-treated fibers with MAPLA. c CT-PMVE coir-treated fibers with MA-c-PMVE. FIG. 3. ATR-FTIR spectra of the original and modified coir fibers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of surface treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of injection molded poly(lactic acid)‐coir fiber biocomposites

et al. 2018

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“…These compatibilized composites yielded superior mechanical performances than corresponding uncompatibilized composites. Maleic anhydride grafted polymers have been used as a compatibilizer to improve the compatibility between the lignocellulosic fibers and the PHBV matrix . Organic free radical initiators are also used to enhance the compatibility between the polymer matrix and the natural fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive compatibilization and performance evaluation of miscanthus biofiber reinforced poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) biocomposites

Muthuraj

Misra

Mohanty

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) initiated reactive compatibilization of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/miscanthus fibers (70/30 wt %) based biocomposite was prepared in a twin screw extruder followed by injection molding. In the presence of DCP, both the flexural and the tensile strength of the PHBV/miscanthus composites were appreciably higher compared with PHBV/miscanthus composite without DCP as well as neat PHBV. The maximum tensile strength (29 MPa) and flexural strength (51 MPa) were observed in the PHBV/miscanthus composite with 0.7 phr DCP. The enhanced flexural and tensile strength of the PHBV/miscanthus/ DCP composites are attributed to the improved interfacial adhesion by free radical initiator. Unlike flexural and tensile strength, the modulus of the PHBV/miscanthus/DCP composites was found to slightly lower than the PHBV/miscanthus composite. The modulus difference in the PHBV/miscanthus composite with and without DCP has good agreement with the observed crystallinity. However, the flexural and tensile modulus of all the prepared biocomposites was at least two fold higher than the neat PHBV. The storage modulus value of the PHBV/miscanthus and PHBV/miscanthus/DCP biocomposites follows similar trend like tensile and flexural modulus. The melting temperature and crystallization temperature of PHBV/DCP and PHBV/miscanthus/DCP samples were considerably lower compared with the neat PHBV and PHBV/miscanthus composites. The surface morphology revealed that the PHBV/miscanthus/DCP composites have good interface with less fiber pull-outs compared with the corresponding counterpart without DCP. This suggests that the compatibility between the matrix and the fibers is enhanced after the addition of peroxide initiator.

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“…Csikos et al extended the study to the effect of the MA-PLA content [Csikós et al, 2015], with increased amounts of MA-PLA enhancing the interfacial adhesion parameter, and thus the tensile strength of PLA/WF composites, with a more pronounced effect with increasing number of functionality and compatibiliser amount. However, contradictory results were reported by Lv et al who found that the compatibiliser amount exhibited an insignificant effect on mechanical properties of PLA/30 wt% WF composites produced using a single-step reactive extrusion [Lv et al, 2016].…”

Section: Maleic Anhydride Grafting On Matrixmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Given the attractive properties of PLA, extensive research has been undertaken on optimising the uncompatbilised composites with WF [Csizmadia et al, 2013;Febrianto et al, 2006;Finkenstadt & Tisserat, 2010;Gregorova et al, 2011;Guo et al, 2012a;Huda et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2016;Lv et al, 2016;Lv et al, 2015;Peltola et al, 2014;Petinakis et al, 2009;Pilla et al, 2008;Pilla et al, 2009;Qiang et al, 2012;Shah, B. L. et al, 2008] The addition of wood reinforcement had a mixed effect on mechanical strength but the type and origin of wood reinforcement has a significant influence on composites' properties. Peltola et al compared the properties of PLA-based and PP-based composites reinforced by four different types of woodbased reinforcements (bleach kraft pulp from pine, eucalyptus and birch, thermomechanical spruce pulp and pine flour) [Peltola et al, 2014].…”

Section: Properties Of Pla-based Wpcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13: Generic chemical reaction between MA-grafted PLA and the hydroxyl groups of WF[Lv et al, 2016] Silane-based coupling agentsOn top of reducing the hydrophobicity of wood fibre, silane coupling agents used in the WPCs field have also been used to establish physical linkage between wood and polymer. The organo-functional group on the silane in this case is carefully chosen such that it can covalently bond to the corresponding polymer matrix thus improving the interfacial adhesion.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Development of bio-derived and biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-based wood plastic composites (WPCs)

Chan¹

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In response to the concerns over the accumulation of plastic wastes, the wood plastic composites (WPCs) industry has been in particular interest in replacing the petroleum-based polymer matrices with biopolymers. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are potential candidates as these biopolymers can be degraded readily under ambient conditions and can be synthesised intracellularly by bacteria from renewable/waste resources. Their low melt viscosity can also be an advantage in processing. While there is a considerable body of literature on PHA-based WPCs, the majority of the studies have focused on mechanical property optimisation but their mechanical stability and biodegradability were poorly understood. Therefore, this thesis explored the fundamental characteristics of PHA/wood flour (WF) composites with focus on the micro-structure-property relationship and end-of-life behaviour. The extrusion processing setup for composites of a commercially available poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and WF was first optimised. A logical next step involved the optimisation of mechanical properties through the use of carefully selected chemical compatibilisers and additives. The expected benefits of chemical compatibilisers were outweighed when compared to the alteration of micro-structure by the non-reactive micro-sized talc filler. An innovative approach for improving processabilty and toughness was then investigated through the inclusion of tougher PHA copolymers including an in-house mixed culture PHBV, for further cost reduction. The potential of this strategy was demonstrated by the improvement, albeit marginal, in composite strain at break. The real-time studies of mechanical stability and biodegradability brought new insights to this biocomposite. Uncoated PHBV/WF composites were stable under indoor ambient conditions for at least 1 year. Exposure to outdoor environment, however, led to reduced mechanical stability. It was determined to be solely associated with the mould growth on the exposed hygroscopic wood particles. The unique advantage of PHBV/WF composites was demonstrated with respect to their significantly higher biodegradation rate in soil than PLA/WF and PE/WF composites. The presence of wood accelerated the biodegradation and reduced the mechanical stability of the composites in soil. A micro-mechanical schematic model was used to illustrate the phenomena. In addition, it was shown that PHA-based WPCs are physically and mechanically stable unless they are exposed to colonies of microorganisms such as moisture-induced mould or those found in soil communities. Overall, this thesis provided better insights into the strong correlations between the micro-structure and the properties of PHA-based WPCs, both initially and in the long-term. Wood particles played an important role in both their performance and biodegradation. To conclude, this thesis has paved the way for development of novel bio-derived and biodegradable composites which provide utility what would otherwise be a low-value stream from the f...

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Modification of wood flour/PLA composites by reactive extrusion with maleic anhydride

Cited by 42 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of surface treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of injection molded poly(lactic acid)‐coir fiber biocomposites

Effect of surface treatment on the physical and mechanical properties of injection molded poly(lactic acid)‐coir fiber biocomposites

Reactive compatibilization and performance evaluation of miscanthus biofiber reinforced poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) biocomposites

Development of bio-derived and biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-based wood plastic composites (WPCs)

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