Modification of the wettability characteristics of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) by means of CO2, Nd:YAG, excimer and high power diode laser radiation

Lawrence, Jonathan; Li, Lin

doi:10.1016/s0921-5093(00)01851-7

Cited by 106 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This laser radiation can also modify the surface chemistry of polymers. In this case, the polar component of the surface energy can be considerably increased, and the wettability can be promoted (see e.g., [42]). …”

Section: Process Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Surface Texturing of Polymers for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2018

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Polymers are materials widely used in biomedical science because of their biocompatibility, and good mechanical properties (which, in some cases, are similar to those of human tissues); however, these materials are, in general, chemically and biologically inert. Surface characteristics, such as topography (at the macro-, micro, and nano-scale), surface chemistry, surface energy, charge, or wettability are interrelated properties, and they cooperatively influence the biological performance of materials when used for biomedical applications. They regulate the biological response at the implant/tissue interface (e.g., influencing the cell adhesion, cell orientation, cell motility, etc.). Several surface processing techniques have been explored to modulate these properties for biomedical applications. Despite their potentials, these methods have limitations that prevent their applicability. In this regard, laser-based methods, in particular laser surface texturing (LST), can be an interesting alternative. Different works have showed the potentiality of this technique to control the surface properties of biomedical polymers and enhance their biological performance; however, more research is needed to obtain the desired biological response. This work provides a general overview of the basics and applications of LST for the surface modification of polymers currently used in the clinical practice (e.g., PEEK, UHMWPE, PP, etc.). The modification of roughness, wettability, and their impact on the biological response is addressed to offer new insights on the surface modification of biomedical polymers.

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Section: Process Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Surface Texturing of Polymers for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2018

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“…It can be seen that the apparent γ P increases by up to 4.12 mJm -2 for the rougher sample (sample C9), whereas the γ D was reduced at most by 12.22 mJm -2 . As it is γ P of the surface energy that plays the major role in determining the contact angle it can be seen that these results also do not correspond with existing theory.For instance, Lawrence and Li [25] stated that a laser-induced increase in the γ P …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the effects of using CO2 and F2 lasers to modify the wettability of a polymeric biomaterial

Waugh

Lawrence

Walton

et al. 2010

Optics & Laser Technology

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-AbstractEnhancement of the surface properties of a material by means of laser radiation has been amply demonstrated previously. In this work a comparative study for the surface modification of nylon 6,6 has been conducted in order to vary the wettability characteristics using CO 2 and excimer lasers. This was done by producing 50 μm spaced (with depths between 1 and 10 μm) trench-like patterns using various laser parameters such as varying the laser power for the CO 2 laser and number of pulses for the excimer laser. Topographical changes were analysed using optical microscopy and white light interferometry which indicated that both laser systems can be implemented for modifying the topography of nylon 6,6.Variations in the surface chemistry were evaluated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis and showed that the O 2 increased by up to 1.5% At. and decreased by up to 1.6% At. for the CO 2 and F 2 laser patterned samples, respectively. Modification of the wettability characteristics was quantified by measuring the advancing contact angle, which was found to increase in all instances for both laser systems. Emery paper roughened samples were also analysed in the same manner to determine that the topographical pattern played a major role in the wettability characteristics of nylon 6,6. From this, it is proposed that the increase in contact angle for the laser processed samples is due to a mixed intermediate state wetting regime owed to the periodic surface roughness brought about by the laser induced trench-like topographical patterns.Keywords: CO 2 laser, F 2 laser, nylon 6,6, wettability, contact angle. -IntroductionThe study of wettability has been a major focal point for many researchers and has been applied to a wide range of applications such as biomedical [1][2][3][4], coating technologies [5,6] and adhesion [7][8][9]. As the interface between a solid and liquid can be very complex it is necessary to account for the wetting regime that takes place. Two of the most common wetting regimes is that of Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter. In most instances it is seen that for hydrophilic surfaces (surfaces which provide contact angles of less than 90°) the Wenzel wetting regime dominates in which the whole of the liquid wets the surface. For hydrophobic surfaces (contact angles greater than 90°) the wetting regime tends to be that of Cassie-Baxter in which air-gaps are formed between the liquid-solid interface. However, in some cases it has been seen that it may be possible for a hydrophilic surface to give rise to some form of Cassie-Baxter wetting or CassieBaxter/Wenzel mixed intermediate wetting regime owed to the roughness and topographical pattern on the surface [10,11]. In this instance it is seen in some cases that increasing the surface roughness, through the patterning of a surface, can give rise to an increase in contact angle for hydrophilic materials. On the other hand, it has also been observed that in general, when the surface energy and its components are a ...

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“…Indeed, work conducted by Zhang et al [56] found that signi®cant improvements in the bond strength of a Si 3 N 4 ceramic could be realized only when excimer laser treatment of a structural alloy steel (SAE 4340) resulted in surface melting. Similarly, Lawrence and Li [57] observed a sharp reduction in the contact angle at the point of melting onset of amalgamated oxide compound grout (AOCG) after HPDL treatment and a small but discernible increase in the contact angle with the generation of a rougher surface at higher power levels.…”

Section: E Ects Of Solidi®ed Microstructures and Surface Melting On Cmentioning

confidence: 86%

On the role of laser-induced microstructures in influencing the surface energy of magnesia partially stabilized zirconia bioceramic

Líu

Lawrence

2004

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B:

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Surface energy must in some way be connected to surface chemistry and is therefore an important determinant of a biomaterial's functions. This work elucidates the basic phenomena and wetting mechanisms associated for a widely used bioinert ceramic, magnesia partially stabilized zirconia (MgO-PSZ) following CO 2 laser treatment. Contact angles for a set of test liquids were used to measure the wettability characteristics and to reduce the surface energy of the MgO-PSZ before and after CO 2 laser treatment. CO 2 laser treatment of the MgO-PSZ surface was seen to e ect an improvement in the material's wettability characteristics. Furthermore, it was found that the extent of wettability modi®cation was closely related to the microstructure induced by CO 2 laser radiation on the surface of the MgO-PSZ. Keywords

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Modification of the wettability characteristics of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) by means of CO2, Nd:YAG, excimer and high power diode laser radiation

Cited by 106 publications

References 43 publications

Laser Surface Texturing of Polymers for Biomedical Applications

Laser Surface Texturing of Polymers for Biomedical Applications

On the effects of using CO2 and F2 lasers to modify the wettability of a polymeric biomaterial

On the role of laser-induced microstructures in influencing the surface energy of magnesia partially stabilized zirconia bioceramic

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