Modification of the optoelectronic properties of sprayed In2S3 thin films by indium diffusion for application as buffer layer in CZTS based solar cell

Effect of thermal annealing on physical properties of vacuum evaporated In2S3 buffer layer for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications

“…In last few years, the thin film solar cells based on heterojuntions using CdS thin film as window layer have been paid more attention due to their promising conversion efficiencies, but the growth of CdS window layer in large area production of thin film solar cells has serious environmental problems owing to great amount of cadmium containing waste and the utilization of ammonia in the deposition process [1,2]. The eco-friendly cadmiumfree alternative buffer layers are yet to match the efficiency of thin film solar cell with CdS buffer layer and the reported world-record efficiency of CIGS solar cells with Cd-based as well as Cd-free buffer layers is found to be 21.7% and 19.7%, respectively [3].…”

“…The In 2 S 3 thin films can be used as window and buffer layers in heterojunction solar cells due to wide optical energy band gap and eliminating the toxicity of cadmium. So, In 2 S 3 films is a most promising replacement for cadmium sulfide in Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) based photovoltaic cells and optical buffer layer in solar cells such as In 2 S 3 /CuInX 2 (S, Se) because it prevents health risks to operators and also decreases environmental pollution [2,10,13].…”

Progress in indium (III) sulfide (In 2 S 3 ) buffer layer deposition techniques for CIS, CIGS, and CdTe-based thin film solar cells

“…CSP-In 2 S 3 films are now being incorporated as buffer layers with copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) absorbers reaching conversion efficiency of 1.85% (Rajeshmon et al, 2013). Diffusion of evaporated metallic In on In 2 S 3 films followed by annealing improved the crystallinity and carrier collection.…”

Effect of thermal annealing on structural and optical properties of In2S3 thin films

“…Their results showed that the refractive index of thin In-S films increase from 2.46 to 2.58. Indium sulfide thin films have been fabricated by different methods like atomic layer deposition, chemical bath deposition, sputtering, thermal evaporation, spray pyrolysis and ion layer gas reaction [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] etc. Among the various method of deposition, thermal evaporation is more suitable and attractive because it is low cost and non wet technique.…”