Modification of the atmospheric polonium 210 to lead 210 ratio by volcanic emissions

Lambert, G.; Buisson, A.; Sanak, J.; Ardouin, B.

doi:10.1029/jc084ic11p06980

Cited by 62 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…The activity decreases exponentially, as predicted theoretically [17] and found experimentally [18,19]. Within the lowest 4 km it decreases by about a factor of four to ten [19,20], For ground-based measurements at elevated sites, meteorological conditions strongly influence the local 222 Rn activity concentrations. Especially during the summer period convective vertical transport from nearby valleys cause an increase of the local activity concentrations ( Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 57%

Radioactivity in the Atmosphere

Gäggeler

1995

Radiochimica Acta

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A short review is made on atmospheric radionuclides with emphasis on their activity concentrations in the troposphere, mostly for surface air over Europe. Discussed are those species which have activity concentrations above about 1 mBq/m 3 . For this atmospheric layer highest average activity concentrations (> 1 Bq/m 3 ) have i) 222 Rn ("radon") and its short-lived decay products, (ii) 220 Rn ("thoron"), however, only for the lowest meter above ground, and iii) a5 Kr. In the range 1 mBq/m 1 to 1 Bq/m 3 are Τ(Ή), ,4 C, 37 Ar and 7 Be as well as the "thoron" decay product 212 Pb. Average activity concentrations slightly below 1 mBq/m 3 has 210 Pb, the only long-lived decay product of "radon". The sources of these radionuclides are discussed. Not included in this review are radionuclides contained in the atmosphere at very low activity concentrations or from single emissions such as e.g. from the Tschernobyl accident in 1986.

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confidence: 57%

Radioactivity in the Atmosphere

Gäggeler

1995

Radiochimica Acta

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“…the particulate matter collected by air filtration in plumes and vents at Mount Etna, Sicily in June 1976 (Buat-Menard and Arnold, 1978;Lambert et al, 1979). This comparison is made in Table 5 for all elements for which both hepatopancreas and volcanic emission data are available plus the elements Sc, Au, Br and S. Two sets of data are available for the volcanic emission material, viz.…”

Section: Comparison With Enrichment Factors In a Non-marine Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mid-water ocean sediment trap (Brewer et al, 1980;3,755 and 3,694 m depth traps; typical A1 at 25,800 yg g-' dry); zooplankton faecal pellets (Tables 3 and 4, this paper); atmospheric particulates (Zoller et al, 1974;Duce et al, 1975;Wallace et al, 1977;Buat-Menard and Chesselet, 1979; EF are given in these references, so a typical AI value was not needed; 'lOpb and 2 3 9 P~ from Scripps Pier filter samples of Hodge et al. 1978); 210~o/2'0Pb activity ratio of 0.1 assumed for atmospheric particulates (Lambert et al, 1979); zooplankton (Martin, 1970;Martin and Knauer, 1973;Cherry and Shannon, 1974;Fowler, 1977;Higgo et al, 1980; typical A1 at 100 pg g-' dry); marine hepatopancreas (Table 1, this paper). Crustal abundance from Taylor (1964); A1 at 82,300 g g-'; crustal abundances for 2'0Po and 'IoPb assume radioactive equilibrium with 238U; crustal abundances for "'Am and 2 3 g P~ are not available, and the surface sod data of Thein et al (1980) .…”

Section: Enrichment Factor Classification Of Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polonium-210: its relative enrichment in the hepatopancreas of marine invertebrates

Cherry¹,

Heyraud²,

Higgo³

1983

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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MSTRACT: the alpha-radioactive nuclide 210Po is known to be enriched in many components of the marlne biosphere. Particularly high concentrations of 210Po are found in the hepatopancreas of many marine invertebrates, maklng this organ one of the highest known natural radiation dose domains. Concentrations of many other elements in the hepatopancreas have been reported in the literature, and these are summarised and compared with those for 210Po. The enrichment factor concept is used, and a simple marine biogeochemical classification of the elements results. The enrichment factors for Ag. Cd and Se in the marine hepatopancreas are found to be even higher than that for 210Po; those for Cu. Hg. Sb and Zn are an order of magnitude lower, and those for all other elements for which data are available are at least one order of magnitude lower still. The idea that 2 ' 0~o is closely involved with biological processes in the ocean is given additional support.

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“…Advective transport of radon-rich air from the boundary layer can reach the upper troposphere or even the stratosphere creating a significant stratospheric 210 Pb reservoir above the tropopause. Most of 210 Pb in the stratosphere is due to the decay of 222 Rn injector convectively mainly in the tropics [1] while, other sources are the volcanic eruptions, which may introduce the 210 Pb to the stratospheric level [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of²¹⁰Pb concentrations in surface air at Thessaloniki, Greece (40°N)

Ioannidou

Kotsopoulou

Karanatsiou

et al. 2012

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Atmospheric concentrations of 210 Pb were measured over the year 2009 in ground level air at Thessaloniki, Northern Greece (40 • 62 N, 22• 95 E). The mean activity concentrations of 210 Pb in surface air have been found to be 671 ± 213 μBq m −3 . The highest values of monthly atmospheric concentrations of 210 Pb were observed in the autumn and the lowest in the spring period. The higher values of 210 Pb during autumn were attributed to frequent inversion conditions of the surface layers, resulting in an enrichment of radon and its decay products in surface air. The lower values during the winter months might be due to the low emanation of radon from the frozen or snow-covered soil. The minima of 210 Pb concentrations during spring might reflect on higher washout during this period, which results in less emanation of radon from saturated with water soil, resulting in less production of 210 Pb near ground-level air. The relative high values during summer are probably due to the higher 222 Rn exhalation from the ground and due to the higher air mixing within the troposphere, which has as a result to carry down to the surface layer 210 Pb whose origin is older air masses which entered into the free troposphere. *

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Modification of the atmospheric polonium 210 to lead 210 ratio by volcanic emissions

Cited by 62 publications

References 28 publications

Radioactivity in the Atmosphere

Radioactivity in the Atmosphere

Polonium-210: its relative enrichment in the hepatopancreas of marine invertebrates

Variations of²¹⁰Pb concentrations in surface air at Thessaloniki, Greece (40°N)

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Modification of the atmospheric polonium 210 to lead 210 ratio by volcanic emissions

Cited by 62 publications

References 28 publications

Radioactivity in the Atmosphere

Radioactivity in the Atmosphere

Polonium-210: its relative enrichment in the hepatopancreas of marine invertebrates

Variations of210Pb concentrations in surface air at Thessaloniki, Greece (40°N)

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Variations of²¹⁰Pb concentrations in surface air at Thessaloniki, Greece (40°N)