Modification of the Alfvén wave spectrum by pellet injection

Abstract

Alfvén eigenmodes driven by energetic particles are routinely observed in tokamak plasmas. These modes consist of poloidal harmonics of shear Alfvén waves coupled by inhomogeneity in the magnetic field. Further coupling is introduced by 3D inhomogeneities in the ion density during the assimilation of injected pellets. This additional coupling modifies the Alfvén continuum and discrete eigenmode spectrum. The frequencies of Alfvén eigenmodes drop dramatically when a pellet is injected in JET. From these observations, information about the changes in the ion density caused by a pellet can be inferred. To use Alfvén eigenmodes for MHD spectroscopy of pellet injected plasmas, the 3D MHD codes Stellgap and AE3D were generalised to incorporate 3D density profiles. A model for the expansion of the ionised pellet plasmoid along a magnetic field line was derived from the fluid equations. Thereby, the time evolution of the Alfvén eigenfrequency is reproduced. By comparing the numerical frequency drop of a toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) to experimental observations, the initial ion density of a cigar-shaped ablation region of length 4cm is estimated to be n * = 6.8×10 22 m −3 at the TAE location (r/a ≈ 0.75). The frequency sweeping of an Alfvén eigenmode ends when the ion density homogenises poloidally. Modelling suggests that the time for poloidal homogenisation of the ion density at the TAE position is τ h = 18 ± 4 ms for inboard pellet injection, and τ h = 26 ± 2 ms for outboard pellet injection. By reproducing the frequency evolution of the elliptical Alfvén eigenmode (EAE), the initial ion density at the EAE location (r/a ≈ 0.9) can be estimated to be n * = 4.8 × 10 22 m −3. Poloidal homogenisation of the ion density takes 2.7 times longer at the EAE location than at the TAE location for both inboard and outboard pellet injection. MHD spectroscopy, Alfvén eigenmodes, pellet injection ‡ See the author list of "Overview of the JET preparation for Deuterium-Tritium Operation" by E.

The interpretation of magnetic activity associated with pellet injections into plasmas created in the stellarator TJ-II

“…However, to the authors' knowledge, such short-lived activity still needs to be investigated in depth. In contrast, in cases in which energetic-particle driven Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) are detected using such coils, significant drops are observed in AE frequencies when a pellet is injected, this being primarily associated with the increase in plasma mass density [19,20]. Additionally, post-injection reductions in magnetic fluctuations have been considered in other devices.…”

“…However, a more detailed analysis of these short and strong bursts has not yet been made. Finally, frequency perturbations were observed in magnetic spectrographs during pellet injections into the JET device [19,20]. In spectrographs showing welldeveloped fast-ion excited toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) prior to pellet injection, it became impossible to identify their toroidal mode numbers for several milliseconds (3 to 8 ms) after an injection.…”