Modification of serum proteins in guinea pigs immunized and challenged with toluene diisocyanate

Marzo, Angelo M. De; Jovine, Laura; Rizzotti, Paolo; Cassetti, Paola; Boschetto, Pierà; Miotto, Deborah; Saetta, Marina; Maestrelli, Piero; Mapp, C. E.

doi:10.5271/sjweh.525

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…The data summarized above indicate that potential physiological exposures to TDI such as those reported here (i.e., inhalation and dermal contact) likely result in the formation of conjugates by the reaction of TDI with biological macromolecules (Brown and Burkert, 2002;De Marzo et al, 2000;Lange et al, 1999;Mráz et al, 1998Mráz et al, , 2000Ogawa et al, 2006;Valstar et al, 2004;Wisnewski et al, 2006;Ye et al, 2006), with no detectable free TDA (Mormann et al, 2006;Rosenberg and Savolainen, 1985;Skarping et al, 1994;Timchalk et al, 1994). Since inhalation exposures in rodents and humans are not associated with carcinogenic effects and do not produce detectable levels of free TDA in either species, the cancer risk posed by the inhalation of TDI is considered negligible and is not further evaluated herein.…”

Section: Carcinogenicitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Risk assessment for consumer exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) derived from polyurethane flexible foam

Arnold

Collins²,

Graham

et al. 2012

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Polyurethanes (PU) are polymers made from diisocyanates and polyols for a variety of consumer products. It has been suggested that PU foam may contain trace amounts of residual toluene diisocyanate (TDI) monomers and present a health risk. To address this concern, the exposure scenario and health risks posed by sleeping on a PU foam mattress were evaluated. Toxicity benchmarks for key non-cancer endpoints (i.e., irritation, sensitization, respiratory tract effects) were determined by dividing points of departure by uncertainty factors. The cancer benchmark was derived using the USEPA Benchmark Dose Software. Results of previous migration and emission data of TDI from PU foam were combined with conservative exposure factors to calculate upper-bound dermal and inhalation exposures to TDI as well as a lifetime average daily dose to TDI from dermal exposure. For each non-cancer endpoint, the toxicity benchmark was divided by the calculated exposure to determine the margin of safety (MOS), which ranged from 200 (respiratory tract) to 3×10(6) (irritation). Although available data indicate TDI is not carcinogenic, a theoretical excess cancer risk (1×10(-7)) was calculated. We conclude from this assessment that sleeping on a PU foam mattress does not pose TDI-related health risks to consumers.

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Section: Carcinogenicitymentioning

confidence: 93%

Risk assessment for consumer exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) derived from polyurethane flexible foam

Arnold

Collins²,

Graham

et al. 2012

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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show abstract

Molecular cloning and biologically active production of IpaD N-terminal region

et al. 2013

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Serum-mediated relaxant response to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in isolated guinea-pig bronchi

Boschetto¹,

Jovine²,

Chitano³

et al. 2001

Respiratory Medicine

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The present study was designed to evaluate whether pre-incubation with serum, obtained from both control and toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-immunized guinea-pigs, modified the contractile response to TDI in isolated guinea-pig bronchial rings. Guinea-pigs were anaesthetized and the main bronchi dissected in two rings. Bronchial rings were incubated with normal or immune serum (100 microl ml(-1) for 2 h) and dose-response curves to TDI (0.03-1000 microM) were studied isometrically. Before serum incubation, in eight bronchial rings, epithelium was removed by rubbing the luminal surface gently with a gauze. In control rings, TDI produced a concentration-dependent contraction, whereas in rings pre-incubated with either normal or TDI-immune serum, it produced a concentration-dependent relaxation. Relaxation was 101.4 (SEM 17.4)% and 94.9 (SEM 21)% of the relaxation induced by isoproterenol (1 mM) respectively with normal and TDI-immune serum. Similarly to the pre-incubation with serum, pre-incubation with albumin produced a concentration-dependent relaxation to TDI. Serum-induced relaxant response to TDI was not affected by capsaicin desensitization, it was only partially inhibited by an NK1-tachykinin antagonist, whereas it was blocked by indomethacin. In bronchial rings without epithelium, pre-incubated with serum, TDI caused contraction at highest doses, while it still induced relaxation at the lowest doses. This study shows that one or more components of the serum modify the contractile response to TDI in isolated guinea-pig bronchi. In bronchial rings without epithelium serum was able to inhibit the contration induced by low doses of TDI.

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Modification of serum proteins in guinea pigs immunized and challenged with toluene diisocyanate

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Risk assessment for consumer exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) derived from polyurethane flexible foam

Risk assessment for consumer exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) derived from polyurethane flexible foam

Molecular cloning and biologically active production of IpaD N-terminal region

Serum-mediated relaxant response to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in isolated guinea-pig bronchi

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