Modification of Schaefer's Procedure for Serotyping of Organisms of the Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare-M. scrofulaceum complex

Reznikov, M.; Leggo, Janet H.

doi:10.1128/aem.23.4.819-823.1972

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…A limited series of MAIS isolates were examined further by serotyping using Reznikov and Leggo's modification of Schaefer's procedure (Reznikov and Leggo 1972).…”

Section: Serofyping Of M a Is Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis

Claxton

Eamens

1979

Aust Veterinary J

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Lesions of suspected bovine tuberculosis were examined by culture, histopathology and auramine-O (AO) stained smears and the findings correlated with field aspects of the disease. Of 642 lesions considered to be tuberculous, 62.0% yielded M. bovis and 4.5% other mycobacteria (OM). M. bovis and OM were recovered also from 0.6% and 3.6% respectively of 165 cattle which gave tuberculin reactions but had no visible lesions at slaughter. Of 262 lesions in which a histopathological diagnosis other than tuberculosis was made, 1.5% and 3.0% yielded M. bovis and OM respectively. All OM isolates tested belonged to the Mycobacterium-avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum (MAIS) complex with a predominance of serotype 2. A good relationship was found between the recovery of mycobacteria and histopathology but examination of smears revealed 22.0% apparent false negatives. Apparent false negative culture results were also reported for 35.8% of lesions positive on histopathology and smear examination. The majority of herds yielding M. bovis contained reactors to the tuberculin test and many of these had lesions of tuberculosis. In contrast, herds yielding OM seldom contained reactors to the tuberculin test and rarely reactors with tuberculous lesions. The thoracic cavity was the main site of lesions from infections by M. bovis and OM.

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“…A limited series of MAIS isolates were examined further by serotyping using Reznikov and Leggo's modification of Schaefer's procedure (Reznikov and Leggo 1972).…”

Section: Serofyping Of M a Is Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis

Claxton

Eamens

1979

Aust Veterinary J

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“…For instance, one finds F = 1/3 in diffusive systems and F = 1/4 in ballistic chaotic systems [1,2]. Alternatively, shot noise measurements have determined the charge |q| of current-carrying quasiparticles in normal-metal/superconductor junctions and in the fractional quantum Hall effect [1][2][3]. In this manuscript we further illustrate the usefulness of current noise measurements by showing how they can reveal the magnitude of non-equilibrium spin accumulations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Measuring spin accumulations with current noise

2011

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We investigate the time-dependent fluctuations of the electric current injected from a reservoir with a nonequilibrium spin accumulation into a mesoscopic conductor. We show how the current noise power directly reflects the magnitude of the spin accumulation in two easily noticeable ways. First, as the temperature is lowered, the small-bias noise saturates at a value determined by the spin accumulation. Second, in the presence of spin-orbit interactions in the conductor, the current noise exhibits a sample-dependent mesoscopic asymmetry under reversal of the electric current direction. These features provide for a purely electric protocol for measuring spin accumulations.Noise measurements on nonequilibrium electric currents are very efficient probes of the dynamics and nature of the charge carriers. 1 At low temperature, the classical JohnsonNyquist noise is suppressed and quantum effects govern the behavior of the surviving shot noise. In the mesoscopic regime, the noise power S is reduced below its uncorrelated Poisson value S 0 = 2|q| I , where I is the average electric current, by the Fano factor F = S/S 0 . The value of F depends on the electronic dynamics. For instance, one finds F = 1/3 in diffusive systems and F = 1/4 in ballistic chaotic systems. 1,2 Alternatively, shot noise measurements have determined the charge |q| of current-carrying quasiparticles in normal-metal/superconductor junctions and in the fractional quantum Hall effect. 1-3 In this manuscript, we further illustrate the usefulness of current noise measurements by showing how they can reveal the magnitude of nonequilibrium spin accumulations. Our results provide for a purely electric protocol to measure spin accumulations, which has the potential to quantitatively determine their magnitude. It therefore goes one step further than the optical methods used so far to detect magnetoelectrically generated spin accumulations. 4,5 Alternatively, the noise measurement we propose, coupled with an electric measurement of the spin Hall and inverse spin Hall effects, 6-8 can provide key experimental information on the conversion between spin accumulations and spin currents.A number of works have investigated charge current noise from polarized reservoirs. Reference 9 suggested using current and noise measurements in the single-channel limit to measure the spin injection efficiency from a ferromagnet for weak spin-flip scattering. Other related works have pointed out that noise measurements in hybrid paramagnetic/ferromagnetic structures can reveal information on the relative orientation of the ferromagnets 10 and on the spin relaxation processes in the paramagnet. 11-14 These results have been at least partially confirmed by numerical simulations. 15 In noninteracting systems, current cross-correlations have a sign determined by the statistics of the charge carriers. Investigations of a single-level interacting fermionic quantum dot coupled to ferromagnetic leads have demonstrated the emergence of positive (bosonlike) current cross-correlations for ce...

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“…We use this criterion when the antigens are finally tested against the absorbed antisera. Reznikov & Leggo (1972) proposed that one antiserum could be used t o represent each serotype and this modification could be substituted here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%