Modification of porous poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) beads by friedel-crafts reaction

Gadwdzik, B.; Osypiuk, J.

doi:10.1007/bf02492677

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The maximum BET surface area obtained was 1106 m 2 ·g –1 . As polymer precursors, polystyrene-divinylbenzene , and vinylbenzyl chloride-divinylbenzene − showed their merits, the latter yielding HCPs with a BET surface area as high as 2090 m 2 ·g –1 . Tan et al.…”

Section: Family Of Porous Organic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Organic Materials: Strategic Design and Structure–Function Correlation

et al. 2016

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Porous organic materials have garnered colossal interest with the scientific fraternity due to their excellent gas sorption performances, catalytic abilities, energy storage capacities, and other intriguing applications. This review encompasses the recent significant breakthroughs and the conventional functions and practices in the field of porous organic materials to find useful applications and imparts a comprehensive understanding of the strategic evolution of the design and synthetic approaches of porous organic materials with tunable characteristics. We present an exhaustive analysis of the design strategies with special emphasis on the topologies of crystalline and amorphous porous organic materials. In addition to elucidating the structure-function correlation and state-of-the-art applications of porous organic materials, we address the challenges and restrictions that prevent us from realizing porous organic materials with tailored structures and properties for useful applications.

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Section: Family Of Porous Organic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Organic Materials: Strategic Design and Structure–Function Correlation

et al. 2016

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“…The first external crosslinker that was used in the hyper-crosslinking step was chloromethyl ether. Other reagents, such as carbon tetrachloride, monochlorodimethyl ether, dichloroxylene, or dichloroethane, which can act both as an external crosslinker and a solvent, were also reported [ 44 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. More recently, Li et al [ 56 ] proposed the use of formaldehyde dimethyl acetal, which gives methanol as a by-product instead of chlorinated compounds.…”

Section: Hcl Polystyrenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microporous Hyper-Crosslinked Polystyrenes and Nanocomposites with High Adsorption Properties: A Review

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Hyper-crosslinked (HCL) polystyrenes show outstanding properties, such as high specific surface area and adsorption capability. Several researches have been recently focused on tailoring their performance for specific applications, such as gas adsorption and separation, energy storage, air and water purification processes, and catalysis. In this review, main strategies for the realization of HCL polystyrene-based materials with advanced properties are reported, including a summary of the synthetic routes that are adopted for their realization and the chemical modification approaches that are used to impart them specific functionalities. Moreover, the most up to date results on the synthesis of HCL polystyrene-based nanocomposites that are realized by embedding these high surface area polymers with metal, metal oxide, and carbon-based nanofillers are discussed in detail, underlining the high potential applicability of these systems in different fields.

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“…In principle, all Lewis acids can potentially catalyse such reactions. Different studies have reported the use of catalysts such as FeCl 3 , 11,13,15,43 aluminium chloride (AlCl 3 ), 2,4,12,14 tin chloride (SnCl 4 ), 2,3,33,40 zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) 42 and boron halides (BCl 3 or BBr 3 ). 23 Nevertheless, FeCl 3 is still one of the most widely used.…”

Section: Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…External crosslinkers are exploited whenever precursor polymers are not set-up for internal crosslinking reactions. Initially, the most commonly used external crosslinker was chloromethyl ether (CME), [39][40][41][42] however, due to its carcinogenic properties it was progressively replaced by other reagents, such as: carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ), 32,43,44 monochlorodimethyl ether (MCDE), 42,45 dichloroxylene (DCX), 17,33 4,4′-bis(chloromethyl)biphenyl (BCMBP) 10,17,24 or dichloroethylene (DCE) 3,13,33 (this reagent can also act as solvent in the synthesis).…”

Section: External Crosslinkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypercrosslinked materials: preparation, characterisation and applications

et al. 2015

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11This review article provides an overview of hypercrosslinking technology. In particular, it 12 covers the preparation and characterisation of hypercrosslinked materials and their 13 applications. The synthesis section examines the different monomers, precursor polymers and 14 reagents used to prepare hypercrosslinked materials, but also the different synthetic 15 approaches disclosed in the literature. The various chemical modification reactions relevant to 16 this area are also reviewed. 17Several examples of applications for hypercrosslinked materials are described; these 18 applications are grouped into thematic areas such as chromatography, gas storage and the 19 trapping of organic contaminants. 20 21 3 as a whole, but draw particular attention to the innovations and developments which have 55 come out of the Sherrington research group over the past years. 56 SYNTHETIC APPROACHES 57Originally, HXL networks were obtained via the post-crosslinking of polystyrenic 58 chains/structures in an expanded/swollen state by using external crosslinkers. These external 59 crosslinkers bridge between adjacent aromatic residues, setting in place short, rigid 60 (hyper)crosslinks, and these are very often installed through F-C reactions. Figure 1A shows the 61 different steps involved during a post-crosslinking reaction of PS. The structure of a typical HXL 62 polymer is a rigid and expanded three-dimensional network. The main structural element of 63 this network is a spatially non-planar cycle formed by crosslinking bridges, and very short chain 64 segments confined between the branching points. By using an external crosslinker together 65 with a F-C catalyst almost all of the aromatic rings can be crosslinked/bridged and ultra-high 66 SSAs achieved. The resulting hypercrosslinked network displays a high degree of crosslinking, 67

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Modification of porous poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) beads by friedel-crafts reaction

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Porous Organic Materials: Strategic Design and Structure–Function Correlation

Porous Organic Materials: Strategic Design and Structure–Function Correlation

Microporous Hyper-Crosslinked Polystyrenes and Nanocomposites with High Adsorption Properties: A Review

Hypercrosslinked materials: preparation, characterisation and applications

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