Modification of Polymers in Joint Arthroplasty

Abstract

The review describes the known and most common modifications to various polymers in surgical applications. A short history of the plastics used as sliding materials in endoprostheses is presented. The unsuccessful attempts of using materials in joint alloplastic, such as PMMA, POM, PTFE and PEEK, as well as their modifications, were analyzed. Many polymers with excellent sliding properties cannot be used in joint arthroplasty due to allergic, toxicological reactions or technological problems. Attention was focused on PE-UHMW polyethylene, and also its modifications that increase its wear resistance and mechanical strength. The paper summarizes the wear rates of polyethylene subjected to various types of modification, such as plastic working, crosslinking, or carbon fiber reinforcement. The latest trends for improving polyethylene are also described. Modification of polymers in joint arthroplasty. A significant advance would be to obtain PEEK that is suitable for use in arthroplasty without negative consequences. An important direction of development in the area of sliding biomaterials may also concern materials obtained by incremental methods (3D printing).