Modification of poly (lactic acid) through the incorporation of gum rosin and gum rosin derivative: Mechanical performance and hydrophobicity

Rosa-Ramírez, Harrison de la; Aldás, Miguel; López‐Martínez, Juan

doi:10.1002/app.49346

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This indicates that at 10 wt.% of GR, the maximum values of the tensile strength are achieved. On the other hand, UT did not significantly change the tensile strength of PBAT when added in 5, 10, or 15 wt.%, contrary to other polymeric matrices such as PLA where the pentaerythritol ester decreases it [48] or thermoplastic starch (TPS) where the maximum of mechanical properties was found at 5 wt.% of UT, as stated by Aldas et al (2019) [30]. A similar behaviour in the tensile strength due to GR addition was found by de la Rosa-Ramíez et al (2020), who blended PLA with GR and determined that the tensile strength decreases in compositions above 5 wt.% [48].…”

Section: Miscibilitycontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…On the other hand, gum rosin is known to be an amphipathic material, because the resinic acids mixture that composes GR has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts [65]. Additionally, gum rosin esters are reported to be more hydrophobic than gum rosin, because the ester linkages present limitations in the formation of hydrogen bonds [48]. Therefore, the addition of either GR or UT significantly uplift (p < 0.05) the hydrophobicity of PBAT, as seen in Figure 5, due to the inherent hydrophobicity of gum rosin [37].…”

Section: Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvement of PBAT Processability and Mechanical Performance by Blending with Pine Resin Derivatives for Injection Moulding Rigid Packaging with Enhanced Hydrophobicity

et al. 2020

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Polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) is a biodegradable polymer with good features for packaging applications. However, the mechanical performance and high prices of PBAT limit its current usage at the commercial level. To improve the properties and reduce the cost of PBAT, pine resin derivatives, gum rosin (GR) and pentaerythritol ester of GR (UT), were proposed as sustainable additives. For this purpose, PBAT was blended with 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of additives by melt-extrusion followed by injection moulding. The overall performance of the formulations was assessed by tensile test, microstructural, thermal, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The results showed that although good miscibility of both resins with PBAT matrix was achieved, GR in 10 wt.% showed better interfacial adhesion with the PBAT matrix than UT. The thermal characterization suggested that GR and UT reduce PBAT melting enthalpy and enhance its thermal stability, improving PBAT processability. A 10 wt.% of GR significantly increased the tensile properties of PBAT, while a 15 wt.% of UT maintained PBAT tensile performance. The obtained materials showed higher hydrophobicity than neat PBAT. Thus, GR and UT demonstrated that they are advantageous additives for PBAT–resin compounding for rigid food packaging which are easy to process and adequate for industrial scalability. At the same time, they enhance its mechanical and hydrophobic performance.

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Section: Miscibilitycontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of PBAT Processability and Mechanical Performance by Blending with Pine Resin Derivatives for Injection Moulding Rigid Packaging with Enhanced Hydrophobicity

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, it allows mixtures of polymers to be detected. The DSC analysis ( Figure 14 a) shows three types of thermal curves and two endothermic reactions, one at around 60 °C, most probably due to the presence of PCL [ 38 ] in the compound, and another one at around 160 °C, which may correspond to the PLA phase (PLA) [ 11 ]. Furthermore, between 70 °C and 90 °C, an exothermic peak appears, which is related to the PLA cold crystallization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PLA is nowadays, undoubtedly, the most attractive biodegradable polymer for rigid and flexible packaging applications, due to its many advantages such as availability in the market, ease of processing, economic competitiveness, high transparency, and environmentally friendly characteristics [ 5 , 9 ]. However, PLA possesses some disadvantages such as poor thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties [ 10 , 11 ]. Thus, considerable academic and industrial efforts have been focused on improving PLA performance, such as copolymerization or blending with others biopolyesters such as poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and/or poly(hydroxy alkanoates) (PHAs) [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], mainly focused on increasing its crystallinity for extending the industrial applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Properties of a Biodegradable Polymer Filled with Different Wood Flour Particles

et al. 2020

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Lignocellulosic wood flour particles with three different sizes were used to reinforce Solanyl® type bioplastic in three compositions (10, 20, and 30 wt.%) and further processed by melt-extrusion and injection molding to simulate industrial conditions. The wood flour particles were morphologically and granulometric analyzed to evaluate their use as reinforcing filler. The Fuller method on wood flour particles was successfully applied and the obtained results were subsequently corroborated by the mechanical characterization. The rheological studies allowed observing how the viscosity was affected by the addition of wood flour and to recover information about the processing conditions of the biocomposites. Results suggest that all particles can be employed in extrusion processes (shear rate less than 1000 s−1). However, under injection molding conditions, biocomposites with high percentages of wood flour or excessively large particles may cause an increase in defective injected-parts due to obstruction of the gate in the mold. From a processing point of view and based on the biocomposites performance, the best combination resulted in Solanyl® type biopolymer reinforced with wood flour particles loaded up to 20 wt.% of small and medium particles size. The obtained biocomposites are of interest for injected molding parts for several industrial applications.

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“…These esters are widely used in paints, varnishes, adhesives, packaging, and drug microcapsules [27,31]. Moreover, pentaerythritol gum rosin esters are ecological and approved by the FDA [31], and thus are gaining interest in the sustainable food packaging sector [19,30,[32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Films Based on Mater-Bi® Compatibilized with Pine Resin Derivatives: Optical, Barrier, and Disintegration Properties

et al. 2021

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Mater-Bi® NF866 (MB) was blended with gum rosin and two pentaerythritol esters of gum rosin (labeled as LF and UT), as additives, to produce biobased and compostable films for food packaging or agricultural mulch films. The films were prepared by blending MB with 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of each additive. The obtained films were characterized by optical, colorimetric, wettability, and oxygen barrier properties. Moreover, the additives and the MB-based films were disintegrated under composting conditions and the effect of each additive on the biodegradation rate was studied. All films were homogeneous and optically transparent. The color of the films tended to yellow tones due to the addition of pine resin derivatives. All the formulated films presented a complete UV-transmittance blocking effect in the UVA and UVB region, and those with 5 wt.% of pine resin derivatives increased the MB hydrophobicity. Low amounts of resins tend to maintain the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) values of the neat MB, due to its good solubilizing and compatibilizing effects. The disintegration under composting conditions test revealed that gum rosin completely disintegrates in about 90 days, while UT degrades 80% and LF degrades 5%, over 180 days of incubation. As expected, the same tendency was obtained for the disintegration of the studied films, although Mater-Bi® reach 28% of disintegrability over the 180 days of the composting test.

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Modification of poly (lactic acid) through the incorporation of gum rosin and gum rosin derivative: Mechanical performance and hydrophobicity

Cited by 27 publications

References 45 publications

Improvement of PBAT Processability and Mechanical Performance by Blending with Pine Resin Derivatives for Injection Moulding Rigid Packaging with Enhanced Hydrophobicity

Improvement of PBAT Processability and Mechanical Performance by Blending with Pine Resin Derivatives for Injection Moulding Rigid Packaging with Enhanced Hydrophobicity

Study of the Properties of a Biodegradable Polymer Filled with Different Wood Flour Particles

Films Based on Mater-Bi® Compatibilized with Pine Resin Derivatives: Optical, Barrier, and Disintegration Properties

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