Modification of Peck Formula to Predict Ground Surface Settlement of Twin Tunnels in Low Permeability Soil

Tang, Xiaowu; Liang, Junling; Liu, Wei; Ye, Yuhang; Gan, Penglu; Zhao, Wenxia; Yu, Yue

doi:10.1155/2021/6698673

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Wang et al [7] used Peck's formula to fit tunnel surface settlement data obtained in Beijing and discussed the effects of construction methods, tunnel burial depth, support stiffness, and other factors, on the empirical parameters of the formula and then gave a correction formula for the empirical parameters. Han et al [8] suggested values for the empirical parameters in the Peck formula by studying tunnel surface settlement data obtained in Beijing and Shanghai and pointed out the limitations of the applicability of the Peck formula to ultra-shallow buried tunnels. In addition, many other predictive methods have been studied in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction and Application of Surface Settlement of Shallow Buried Tunnels Taking into Account Strata Slip Cracks

Xie

et al. 2023

Processes

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The empirical formula is one of the traditional methods used for predicting ground deformation settlement caused by tunnel excavation. Due to its rationality and simplicity, the Peck formula is widely used for predicting surface subsidence. However, due to its limitations, it is necessary to modify it when predicting surface settlement caused by tunnel excavation in different strata. In this paper, a correction formula for the width coefficient of a tunnel surface settlement slot is derived from the Peck formula by taking into account the theory of strata slip cracks. Values are calculated using the correction formula and compared with measured data to verify the effectiveness of the correction formula. The main conclusions are: (1) The position corresponding to the width of the settlement in the Peck curve is the point where the formation is most prone to slip cracking. (2) In the general shallow buried case, the settlement groove width coefficient K and the internal friction angle φ of the ground satisfy the formula K = 1/tan(45° + φ/2 + a) + b, and the values of parameters a and b reflect the average values of the geometric properties of the tunnel based on the measured data. (3) The prediction of the correction formula is consistent with the measured data, and thus the correction formula can be applied to problems related to the stability of shallow buried tunnels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction and Application of Surface Settlement of Shallow Buried Tunnels Taking into Account Strata Slip Cracks

Xie

et al. 2023

Processes

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“…Peck [15] explained that the settlement trough caused by tunnels can be fitted using a Gaussian function. The prediction of ground settlement deformation has evolved from two-dimensional to three-dimensional deformation and from single-track tunnels to multi-track tunnels [16,17] based on the continuous supplementation and modification of empirical formulas. Although empirical methods have been widely accepted in the tunneling industry, they lack a theoretical basis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Performance of Twin Shield Tunnel Excavation below Existing Multi-Arch Culvert Bridge in Close Vicinity

Bao,

Shen

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Various adjacent construction projects are inevitably encountered during the large-scale construction of urban underground transportation. The case of a twin shield tunnel excavated below an existing multi-arch culvert bridge in close vicinity has not yet been thoroughly studied. A case of a shield tunnel excavation below an existing multi-arch culvert bridge in Foshan is presented. First, a fully coupled three-dimensional model incorporating fluid and solid interactions was established to simulate the twin shield tunnel excavation below the existing multi-arch culvert bridge in close vicinity. Subsequently, the numerical model was validated using the modified Peck empirical formula. Finally, the influence of different foundation reinforcement deformation moduli, tunnel excavation face support pressures and grouting pressures on ground deformation was discussed. The results indicate that the area most significantly affected by the excavation of the tunnel passing underneath is not within the section of the multi-arch culvert bridge after applying the foundation reinforcement design. The area most significantly impacted is concentrated as the shield tunnel commences excavation and advances beneath the location corresponding to the 1-hole of the steel corrugated pipe. The range of influence of the ground disturbance extends approximately 7 m in front of the excavation face before the tunnel passed through. The range of ground disturbance decreases to 4–6 m in front of the excavation face after the tunnel passed through. The excavation face support pressure and grouting pressure have a minor impact on the settlement of the multi-arch culvert bridge under this reinforcement design. The results provide useful references for the reinforcement design for tunnel excavation adjacent to existing structures.

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“…Shield tunneling is considered as a commonly used technology for tunnel construction. The difficulty of applying shield tunneling in urban areas with prosperous business districts nearby is in controlling the ground deformation caused by overexcavation [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Over-excavation and the strata loss of shield construction may be caused by the gap between soil and the lining, since the diameter of the shield shell is larger than the diameter of the lining.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tunnel construction will inevitably induce varying degrees of ground movement and result in ground surface settlement. Many studies on the prediction of ground deformation in tunnel construction have been carried out by using empirical methods [4,[8][9][10][11][12], analytical methods [13,14], and numerical methods [15][16][17][18]. Empirical and analytical methods are more suitable for simple excavation applications, which do not take complex construction situations and existing structures into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis for Ground Deformation Induced by Undercrossed Shield Tunnels at a Small Proximity Based on Equivalent Layer Method

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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Shield excavation and tail grouting are the main causes of ground deformation in tunnel construction, especially in the case of new tunnels undercrossing existing tunnels, which have stricter requirements for settlement control. This paper investigates the equivalent layer method, which is used to simulate ground deformation induced by shield construction and tail grouting via numerical analysis. The research is based on a case study of Beijing’s newly built Metro Line 12 undercrossing the existing Metro Line 10, which is constructed in soft soil. Three-dimensional finite simulation via Plaxis 3D is performed, incorporating the equivalent layer method. Parametric analysis is carried out to explore the influence of the thickness (δ) and elastic modulus (E) of the equivalent layer on surface settlement. It is shown that the surface settlement increases almost linearly with the increase in δ, and it is insensitive to changes in E. The δ is the dominating factor affecting the surface settlement. Based on the Beijing Metro Lines project, the predicted surface settlement is analyzed and compared with monitoring data. Based on a case study of Beijing Metro, the applicability of the equivalent layer method is verified, and the empirical values for δ and E are summarized. δ = 1.8 Gp and E = 2 MPa are suitable values for analysis, which could be references for other shield tunnel constructions in soft soil. With the obtained empirical values of the equivalent layer method, the deformation caused by grouting and undercrossing tunnels could be accurately predicted, which is benefit for reducing budget and environmental protection.

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Modification of Peck Formula to Predict Ground Surface Settlement of Twin Tunnels in Low Permeability Soil

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Prediction and Application of Surface Settlement of Shallow Buried Tunnels Taking into Account Strata Slip Cracks

Prediction and Application of Surface Settlement of Shallow Buried Tunnels Taking into Account Strata Slip Cracks

Study on the Performance of Twin Shield Tunnel Excavation below Existing Multi-Arch Culvert Bridge in Close Vicinity

Analysis for Ground Deformation Induced by Undercrossed Shield Tunnels at a Small Proximity Based on Equivalent Layer Method

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