Modification of parietal association cortex and functional blindness after binocular deprivation in young monkeys

Hyvärinen, Juhani; Hyvärinen, Lea; Linnankoski, Ilkka

doi:10.1007/bf00235723

Cited by 104 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This is not surprising in that the task was exclusively auditory and would therefore be unlikely to activate cells that are typically involved in multisensory integration. However, data have shown that in early blind individuals these regions become dominated by nonvisual systems and do not require visual stimulation to be activated [7,13,15,17,30]. This is clearly the case in subject ML.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cortical plasticity in an early blind musician: an fMRl study

Ross

Olson

Gore

2003

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Many studies have examined tactile perception and simple auditory perception in the blind, but none have previously investigated the neural basis of musical ability in this group. This topic is of particular interest because it has been suggested that early blind individuals may possess advanced musical skills (such as absolute pitch). Presumably, these skills could be the result of neural plasticity. It has been hard to empirically assess this claim because of the difficulty in recruiting an adequate number of subjects for use in a conventional paradigm. In the present paper, we report data from a congenitally blind musician, subject ML. Behavioral tests show that she possessed absolute pitch abilities that were similar to those of a reference group of AP musicians with normal vision. To examine the neural basis of her abilities we then tested subject ML and five control subjects using an fMRI paradigm. A regions-of-interest analysis found that similar areas (the right secondary auditory cortex, left IFG, left SMG) were activated in ML and the control subjects, to a similar degree, in response to music processing. However, ML showed additional activations in left parietal association cortices and extrastriate regions of the occipital lobe. Subject ML's data are consistent with a vast body of literature on blindness-induced plasticity. They extend these findings by demonstrating that cortical plasticity may underlie special musical skills as well. These data illustrate the potential value of case studies to investigate particularly rare phenotypes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cortical plasticity in an early blind musician: an fMRl study

Ross

Olson

Gore

2003

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…Binocular deprivation beginning shortly after birth dramatically reduces the later sensitivity of cells in the monkey's posterior parietal association cortex (Brodmann's area 7) to visual stimuli, much more than it affects cells in the primary visual cortex (Carlson, Pertovaara, & Tanila, 1987;Hyvarinen & Hyvarinen, 1979Hyvarinen, Hyvarinen, & Linnankoski, 1981). Studies of both monkeys and humans indicate that the posterior parietal cortex plays a major role in regulating attention.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Influence of Binocular Visual Deprivation on the Development of Visual-Spatial Attention

Goldberg¹,

Maurer²,

Lewis³

et al. 2001

Developmental Neuropsychology

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“…Obviously, we got several local maxima. According to the priori knowledge of s 2 and s 3 , we designated 1 τ =151 and 2 τ =200. Then according to (7), we got two large ŵ and two references correspondingly.…”

Section: Synthetic Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Ocular Artifact from EEG Using Constrained ICA

Huang

Wang

2011

AEF

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Abstract. Ocular artifacts are the most important form of interferences in EEG signals. Before analyzed, EEG signals should be pretreated by removal of ocular artifacts. CICA is an excellent approach to separate the desired source signals. But, the choice of reference signals is crucial. In this paper, we adopted CICA to separate ocular artifact from EEG, using a different method from Lu to build the reference signals, which can avoid the subjectivity during the operation. It was proved to be effective. IntroductionElectroencephalogram (EEG) analysis has very important significance for clinical diagnosis. But EEG signals are very random and faint, which are easily interfered by multifarious artifacts. Ocular artifacts are the most important form of interferences in EEG signals. So, before analyzed, EEG signals should be pretreated by removal of ocular artifacts. To obtain these artifacts, one powerful technique is blind source separation (BSS) [1,2], which simultaneously separates all source signals. More recently, independent component analysis(ICA) is proved to be an excellent BSS method [3,4].However, in most cases, what we need are not all source signals but just a few ones. For such cases, constrained independent component analysis (CICA) [5,6], which was built up based on fast ICA [7,8], is a more suitable method. It can avoid heavy computational load and costing of time.Because ocular artifacts only present to several EEG channel signals, such as channel fp1, fp2 and fpz, cICA is a good idea to separate them. CICA is actually used to form a constrained optimization problem maximizing a new objective function subject to the additional constraints that the extracted ICs are the closest to the corresponding reference signals. And an efficient adaptive algorithm, Lagrange multipliers method [9], can be adopted to solve this constrained optimization problem. It is worth mentioning that C.J.James has successfully removed ocular artifacts from EEG using cICA [10]. The method he adopted to build reference signals is to set up square pulse over the region of interest with a zero reference elsewhere. But just as he has illuminated, this method is too subjective, because the shape of the reference signal may influence the output result in the sense that artifacts of slightly different morphology may be extracted for different reference morphology. In addition, when using a correlation measure of closeness, the phase of a reference must be closely matched to that of the desired source signal, which has to be done with great workload by repeatedly applying cICA to data with the reference shifted by one sample to cover one period of the signal of interest [10].

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Modification of parietal association cortex and functional blindness after binocular deprivation in young monkeys

Cited by 104 publications

References 33 publications

Cortical plasticity in an early blind musician: an fMRl study

Cortical plasticity in an early blind musician: an fMRl study

The Influence of Binocular Visual Deprivation on the Development of Visual-Spatial Attention

Removal of Ocular Artifact from EEG Using Constrained ICA

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