Modification of Oligomeric Cyanate Ester Polymer Properties with Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotube‐Containing Particles

Dominguez, Dawn D.; Laskoski, Matthew; Keller, Teddy M.

doi:10.1002/macp.200900343

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Dominguez et al . showed that the storage modulus of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes/CE nanocomposites with 1 wt% multi‐walled carbon nanotubes was nearly 60% and 600% higher than the neat polymer at 100 and 200 °C, respectively . Our group adopted nanostructured aluminium borate and ZnO whiskers to improve the impact strength of CE and the interlaminar shearing strength of the corresponding graphite fiber reinforced composites …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epoxy-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane/cyanate ester resin organic-inorganic hybrids with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties

Zhang

Liang

Wang³

2013

Polym. Int.

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A series of cyanate ester resin (CE) based organic-inorganic hybrids containing different contents (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%) of epoxy-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS-Ep) were prepared by casting and curing. The hybrid resin systems were studied by the gel time test to evaluate the effect of POSS-Ep on the curing reactivity of CE. The impact and flexural strengths of the hybrids were investigated. The micromorphological, dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of the hybrids were studied by SEM, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and TGA, respectively. Results showed that POSS-Ep prolonged the gel time of CE. CE10 containing 10 wt% POSS-Ep displayed not only the optimum impact strength but the optimum flexural strength. SEM results revealed that the improvement of mechanical properties was attributed to the large amount of tough whirls and fiber-like pull-outs observed on the fracture surfaces of CE10. DMA results indicated that POSS-CE tended to decrease E of the hybrids in the glassy state but to increase E of the hybrids in the rubbery state. TGA results showed that CE10 also possesses the best thermal stability. The initial temperature of decomposition (T i ) of CE10 is 426 • C, 44 • C higher than that of pristine CE.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So modification of CEs has been attractive during the past decade and is still of great interest. CEs have been modified by many different additives, such as thermoplastic polymers, thermosetting polymers, elastomers and nanoparticles . Among these additives, nanoparticles are particularly fascinating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane/cyanate ester resin organic-inorganic hybrids with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties

Zhang

Liang

Wang³

2013

Polym. Int.

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“…With the rapid development of advanced industry, CE materials with unique functions are usually required. In recent years, many researches have focused on improving their performance by introducing different types of nano-sized fillers, such as nanoclays [7][8][9] , carbon nanotubes [10,11] , carbon fibers [12,13] and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) [14,15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of fumed silica/cyanate ester nanocomposites

Taha

Gao

et al. 2012

Chin J Polym Sci

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Fumed silica/bisphenol A dicyanate ester (BADCy) nanocomposites were prepared by introducing different contents of nano-sized fumed SiO 2 into the BADCy matrix. Two different average primary particle diameters of 12 and 40 nm were chosen. Dibutyltindilaurate (DBTDL) catalyst was chosen to catalyze the cyanate ester group into triazine group via cyclotrimerization reaction. The SEM micrographs indicated that the fumed SiO 2 particles were homogeneously dispersed in the poly(bisphenol A dicyanate) matrix by means of ultrasonic treatment and the addition of a coupling agent. The FTIR spectroscopy shows that, not only DBTDL catalyzes the polymerization reaction but also -OH groups of the SiO 2 particles surface help the catalyst for the complete polymerization of BADCy monomer. The thermal stability of the cured BADCy can be improved by adequate addition of fumed SiO 2 . A slight increase in the dielectric constant and dielectric loss values were identified by testing the dielectric properties of the prepared nanocomposite samples. By increasing the SiO 2 content, there was a slight increasing in the thermal conductivity values of the tested samples. The obtained results proved that the fumed silica/BADCy nanocomposites had good thermal and dielectrical properties and can be used in many applications such as in the thermal insulation field.

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“…The nanocomposites of PCN with montmorillonite, carbon nanotubes, nanostructured aluminum borate, ZnO, ZrW 2 O 8 , nanosilica, and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) have been developed and characterized. In the majority of these works, the authors have studied usually only one type of CER as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to our knowledge the specific papers on comparison of properties of various CER are not published. Because of the discrepancy between the analytical techniques and, for the same technique, between the sample preparations, comparison between two values of, for example, T g or T d or mechanical strength from distinct publications is tricky, if not impossible.The nanocomposites of PCN with montmorillonite, [8][9][10][11][12][13] carbon nanotubes, [14,15] nanostructured aluminum borate, [16] ZnO, [17] ZrW 2 O 8 , [18] nanosilica, [19] and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] have been developed and characterized. In the majority of these works, the authors have studied usually only one type of CER as well.…”

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confidence: 99%

Thermostable cyanate ester resins and POSS-containing nanocomposites: influence of matrix chemical structure on their properties

Bershteĭn

Fainleib

Yakushev

et al. 2015

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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Thermostable densely crosslinked cyanate ester resins (CER) with different chemical structures, derived from monomer dicyanate esters of bisphenol E (DCBE), bisphenol A (DCBA), hexafluorobisphenol A (6F-DCBA) or from cyanated phenol-formaldehyde oligomer PT-30, and the nanocomposites based thereon, with 0.01 to 10 wt% epoxycyclohexyl-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (ECH-POSS), were synthesized and characterized by means of dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, far-infrared, and creep rate spectroscopy techniques. As shown, thermal and mechanical properties increased in a row of matrices prepared from DCBE < DCBA < 6F-DCBA < PT-30. Thus, these matrices with T g = 248, 275, 300, and~400°C (DMA, 1 Hz), respectively, had dynamic modulus E′ values of 1.8, 2.7-3.0, and 3.6 GPa at 20°C; high rigidity (dynamic modulus of about 1-2 GPa) retained at temperatures up to 200°C for DCBE matrix, 250°C for DCBA and 6F-DCBA matrices, but up to 380°C for PT-30-based matrix. The maximal effects from introducing ECH-POSS nanoparticles, covalently embedded into CER network, were attained mainly at their ultra-low contents (<<1 wt%); however, the ECH-POSS impact decreases in a row of matrices prepared from DCBE > DCBA > 6F-DCBA > PT-30. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: cyanate ester resins; nanocomposites; synthesis; chemical structure; properties INTRODUCTIONCyanate ester resins (CER) are an important class of high performance materials. Polycyclotrimerization of cyanate esters leads to formation of high-temperature thermosetting polymers, polycyanurates (PCN), of a high crosslink density with triazine cycles in network junctions. [1][2][3][4][5][6] They have received much attention because of their unique combination of properties including stability at temperatures up to 350-420°C, high glass transition temperature (≥250°C), high fire, radiation, and chemical resistance, low water absorption and low outgassing, high adhesion to different substrates, and excellent dielectric properties (ε ≈ 2.6-3.1).[2-5] As a result, CER are widely used as the structural or functional materials in aeronautics, space (composite strakes, fins, nose radomes, and heat shields), printed circuit boards, and as encapsulants, adhesives, etc.[7] Several commercial CER of different chemical structures are known.[3] As a result of polycyclotrimerization reaction, CER monomer transforms into polycyanurate network (Fig. 1). In case of high purity of the monomer, the polymer network with a regular 3D structure is formed, and the only difference of the chemical structure of the materials obtained from different CER is fragment R between the cyanurate junctions in the networks (Fig. 1). An influence of R fragment in polycyanurates on structure-properties relationships, changes in FTIR spectra, glass transition temperatures, T g , thermal or thermal oxidative degradation, T d , adhesion, and some mechanical properties can be understood from some reviews and books, [2][3][4] where the data on polycyanura...

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Modification of Oligomeric Cyanate Ester Polymer Properties with Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotube‐Containing Particles

Cited by 18 publications

References 65 publications

Epoxy-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane/cyanate ester resin organic-inorganic hybrids with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties

Epoxy-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane/cyanate ester resin organic-inorganic hybrids with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties

Preparation and properties of fumed silica/cyanate ester nanocomposites

Thermostable cyanate ester resins and POSS-containing nanocomposites: influence of matrix chemical structure on their properties

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