Modification of NO, PO, and NO/PO during flow across the Bering and Chukchi shelves: Implications for use as Arctic water mass tracers

Cooper, Lee W.; Cota, Glenn F.; Pomeroy, Lawrence R.; Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.; Whitledge, Terry E.

doi:10.1029/1999jc900010

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…3a), but is significantly reduced less than 200 km farther upstream (Fig. 3b), our observations suggest a discrete release of these waters from the Sea during winter with relatively high nutrient concentrations (Cooper et al, 1999), and PO*-based calculations may underestimates samples carrying the more nutrient-depleted summer conditions (see Ekwurzel et al, 2001;Yamamoto-Kawai et al, 2008).…”

Section: Freshwater Distributions F R and F I In 2007mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, as nutrient-rich Pacific waters enter the Arctic, they are subject to denitrification (Codispoti et al, 1991;Cooper et al, 1999), yielding a N/P signature distinct from that of Atlantic Waters (Jones et al, 1998;Yamamoto-Kawai et al, 2008;Jones et al, 2008). The N/P for stations taken during PS07 and VB07 (Fig.…”

Section: Results and Mass-balance Analysis From Summer 2007mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin of freshwater and polynya water in the Arctic Ocean halocline in summer 2007

Bauch

Loeff

Andersen

et al. 2011

Progress in Oceanography

189

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Section: Freshwater Distributions F R and F I In 2007mentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Results and Mass-balance Analysis From Summer 2007mentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of freshwater and polynya water in the Arctic Ocean halocline in summer 2007

Bauch

Loeff

Andersen

et al. 2011

Progress in Oceanography

189

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“…Woodgate et al, 2005) reaching into the Makarov Basin. These waters are enhanced in nutrients and reduced in oxygen by bacterial consumption of the summer bloom (Cooper et al, 1999;Walsh et al, 1989). While nutrients are released into the water column over the Chukchi shelf oxygen consumption is largest close to the bottom.…”

Section: Intrusions Of Chukchi Sea Water In the Upper Haloclinementioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of dissolved barium in distinguishing North American from Eurasian runoff in the Arctic Ocean

et al. 2012

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Dissolved barium has been shown to have the potential to distinguish Eurasian from North American (NA) river runoff. As part of the ARK-XXII/2 Polarstern expedition in summer 2007, Ba was analyzed in the Barents, Kara, Laptev seas, and the Eurasian Basins as well as the Makarov Basin up to the Alpha and Mendeleyev Ridges. By combining salinity, δ 18 O and initial phosphate corrected for mineralization with oxygen (PO 4 *) or N/P ratios we identified the water mass fractions of meteoric water, sea ice meltwater, and marine waters of Atlantic as well as Pacific origin in the upper water column. In all basins inside the lower halocline layer and the Arctic intermediate waters we find Ba concentrations close to those of the Fram Strait branch of the lower halocline (41-45 nM), reflecting the composition of the incoming Atlantic water. A layer of upper halocline water (UHW) with higher Ba concentrations (45-55 nM) is identified in the Makarov Basin. Atop of the UHW, the Surface Mixed Layer (SML), including the summer and winter mixed layers, has high concentrations of Ba (58-67 nM). In the SML of the investigated area of the central Arctic the meteoric fraction can be identified by assuming a conservative behavior of Ba to be primarily of Eurasian river origin. However, in productive coastal regions biological removal compromises the use of Ba to distinguish between Eurasian and NA rivers. As a consequence, the NA river water fraction is underestimated in productive surface waters or waters that have passed a productive region, whereas this fraction is overestimated in subsurface waters containing remineralised Ba, particularly when these waters have passed productive shelf regions. Especially in the Laptev Sea and small regions in the Barents Sea, Ba concentrations are low in surface waters. In the Laptev Sea exceptionally high Ba concentrations in shelf bottom waters indicate that Ba is removed from surface waters to deep waters by biological activity enhanced by increasing ice-free conditions as well as by scavenging by organic matter of terrestrial origin. We interpret high Ba concentrations in the UHW of the Makarov Basin to result from enrichment by remineralisation in bottom waters on the shelf of the Chukchi Sea and therefore the calculated NA runoff is an artefact. We conclude that no NA runoff can be demonstrated unequivocally anywhere during our expedition with the set of tracers considered here. Small contributions of NA runoff may have been masked by Ba depletion and could only be resolved by supportive tracers on the uptake history. We thus suggest that Ba has to be used with care as it can put limits but not yield quantitative water mass distributions. Only if the extra Ba inputs exceed the cumulative biological uptake the signal can be unequivocally attributed to NA runoff.

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“…Accordingly, low d 13 C as may partly result from an underestimation due to remineralization of organic matter with lower than average d 13 C composition. A comparison of production between different regions is difficult but nonRedfield productivity may be estimated [17]. Away from the sea surface, the quasi-conservative tracers NO [14]) account for the approximate stoichiometric ratios of nutrient and oxygen during consumption and production or regeneration.…”

Section: Biotic and Non-biotic Influences On D 13 C Dic In The Arcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

A baseline for the vertical distribution of the stable carbon isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) in the Arctic Ocean

Bauch

Polyak

Ortiz

2015

Arktos

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Stable carbon isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon (d 13 C DIC ) in the ocean are generally not well understood as they are governed by a complex interplay of biological processes and air-sea exchange. In the Arctic Ocean, d 13 C DIC values are prone to change in the near future with rapidly changing climate conditions. This study provides a baseline to assess the d 13 C DIC of the Arctic Ocean with a focus on upper to intermediate waters (to *500 m). Measured d 13 C DIC values in the Arctic Ocean range from *-0.6 to ?2.2 %. In the Eurasian Basin, the d 13 C DIC values lie between *1 and 1.5 % and exhibit little variation within the upper layers. In the Canada Basin, d 13 C DIC values reach 2 % in the surface layer, with lowest values of *-0.6 % found at *200 m water depth. At greater depth, d 13 C DIC values range from *1 to 1.5 % within both basins. In the Canada Basin, nutrient levels are higher than in the Eurasian Basin and associated variations in d 13 C DIC are clearly related to biological processes. However, low d 13 C DIC values in the Canada Basin are also strongly influenced by non-equilibrium air-sea exchange processes. The different d 13 C DIC patterns between the Canada Basin and the Eurasian Basin appear to be linked to differences in transport processes within the Arctic Ocean halocline. The upper layers in the Canada basins have direct contributions of waters from the Laptev, East Siberian and Chukchi shelves, which contain elevated fractions of river waters and sea-ice related brines, whereas their counterparts, in the Eurasian Basin, are mostly formed by halocline waters from the Barents and Kara seas. River waters have low d 13 C DIC of *-8 % on average, but in the Arctic basins this signal is mostly lost and d 13 C DIC values show only a weak correlation to river water fractions contained in the water mass. No relation between d 13 C DIC and sea-ice related brine contribution is apparent.

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Modification of NO, PO, and NO/PO during flow across the Bering and Chukchi shelves: Implications for use as Arctic water mass tracers

Cited by 48 publications

References 29 publications

Origin of freshwater and polynya water in the Arctic Ocean halocline in summer 2007

Origin of freshwater and polynya water in the Arctic Ocean halocline in summer 2007

Utility of dissolved barium in distinguishing North American from Eurasian runoff in the Arctic Ocean

A baseline for the vertical distribution of the stable carbon isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) in the Arctic Ocean

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