Modification of heat resistance in Drosophila by selection

Morrison, William W.; Milkman, Roger

doi:10.1038/273049b0

Cited by 72 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, low heritability was suggested from slow selection responses for increased heat-shock tolerance in D. buzzatii (Krebs & Loeschcke, 1996) and in D. melanogaster (McColl et al, 1996), under conditions where all adults are pretreated before 0 selection. Heritability estimates where adult Drosophila are not pretreated to induce high thermotolerance provide a mixture of results, some of low estimates (Morrison & Milkman, 1978;Quintana & Prevosti, 1990) and others high (Huey et a!., 1992;Jenkins & Hoffmann, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating heritability in a threshold trait: heat-shock tolerance in Drosophila buzzatii

Krebs

Loeschcke

1997

Heredity

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Stress tolerance is often measured as a threshold trait, the proportion of a group that survives a defined stress regime. Requirements of large offspring numbers coupled with fitness variation in the surviving cohort limit the use of some standard genetic analyses for estimating heritability. Therefore, we present an isofemale line analysis, which is a modified full-sib design, to estimate heritability of tolerance to heat shock in pretreated Drosophila buzzatii adults. Highly significant levels of genetic variation were found in males and females at the third generation of laboratory rearing, and the intraclass correlations were estimated to be about 0.2 for four independent sets of 25 isofemale lines. The proportion of the variance explained within lines among same-sex replicates, however, was larger than that between replicates of males and females. Because genetic variation was estimated from groups, the error variation required factoring by the group size to estimate heritability, which averaged 0.03. The four most tolerant, four least tolerant and four lines of average tolerance to heat stress in each set were reanalysed after 10-11 generations of rearing at 25°C. Survival in the l3th-l4th generations was positively and significantly associated with survival at generation 3. These comparisons indicate the high repeatability of measurements of heat-shock tolerance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selection on survival can produce divergent lines in stress tolerance (e.g. Morrison & Milkman 1978; Kilias & Alahiotis 1985;Quintana & Prevosti 1990), but technical problems have often obscured the estimation of heritability (Krebs & Loeschcke, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating heritability in a threshold trait: heat-shock tolerance in Drosophila buzzatii

Krebs

Loeschcke

1997

Heredity

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“…Abundant naturally segregating genetic variance for resistance to high-and low-temperature extremes has been documented in Drosophila by response to artificial or natural laboratory selection (Morrison and Milkman, 1978;Tucic, 1979;Cavicchi et al, 1995;Loeschcke and Krebs, 1996;Gilchrist et al, 1997;Bubli et al, 1998;Gilchrist and Huey, 1999;Norry et al, 2004;Anderson et al, 2005); quantification of genetic variation along clines of resistance to heat and cold stress (Gilbert and Huey 2001;Hoffmann et al, 2002;Ayrinhac et al, 2004;Kimura, 2004); and association of phenotypic variation in thermotolerance with molecular polymorphism or expression of candidate genes affecting thermal-stress resistance (McColl et al, 1996;Krebs and Feder, 1997;Dahlgaard et al, 1998;Anderson et al, 2003). Although these studies have shown that substantial genetic variation exists for heat-and cold-stress resistance phenotypes in natural and laboratory Drosophila populations, it is essential to identify the individual genetic loci underlying this complex variation in order to understand the evolutionary genetic mechanisms influencing adaptation to thermal environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative trait loci for thermotolerance phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster

2006

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For insects, temperature is a major environmental variable that can influence an individual's behavioral activities and fitness. Drosophila melanogaster is a cosmopolitan species that has had great success in adapting to and colonizing diverse thermal niches. This adaptation and colonization has resulted in complex patterns of genetic variation in thermotolerance phenotypes in nature. Although extensive work has been conducted documenting patterns of genetic variation, substantially less is known about the genomic regions or genes that underlie this ecologically and evolutionarily important genetic variation. To begin to understand and identify the genes controlling thermotolerance phenotypes, we have used a mapping population of recombinant inbred (RI) lines to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affect variation in both heat-and cold-stress resistance. The mapping population was derived from a cross between two lines of D. melanogaster (Oregon-R and 2b) that were not selected for thermotolerance phenotypes, but exhibit significant genetic divergence for both phenotypes. Using a design in which each RI line was backcrossed to both parental lines, we mapped seven QTL affecting thermotolerance on the second and third chromosomes. Three of the QTL influence cold-stress resistance and four affect heat-stress resistance. Most of the QTL were trait or sex specific, suggesting that overlapping but generally unique genetic architectures underlie resistance to low-and high-temperature extremes. Each QTL explained between 5 and 14% of the genetic variance among lines, and degrees of dominance ranged from completely additive to partial dominance. Potential thermotolerance candidate loci contained within our QTL regions are identified and discussed.

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“…Success in selecting for stress resistance indicates that a significant additive genetic component also is present within populations (Morrison and Milkman, 1978; Kilias and Alahiotis, 1985; b; Jenkins and Hoffmann, 1994; Krebs and Loeschcke, 1996). Maintenance of Drosophila populations at different temperatures in the laboratory indicates that adaptation to non-extreme temperatures may yield correlated responses to tolerance to extreme high temperatures (Stephanou and Alahiotis, 1983;Huey et al, 1991, Cavicchi et al, 1995, and that these correlated effects include changes in the induction of the heat shock response (Cavicchi et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A genetic and phenotypic relationship between body size and temperature also has been shown in the laboratory (Anderson, 1973;Cavicchi et al, 1985Cavicchi et al, , 1989, where adult body size negatively correlated with temperature (Starmer and Wolf, 1989;Thomas, 1993), except at temperatures approaching the limit for development . (Cavicchi et al, 1995 (Morrison and Milkman, 1978;Stephanou and Alahiotis, 1983;Quintana and Prevosti, 1990b;Jenkins and Hoffmann, 1994;. Tucic, 1979;Heino and Lumme, 1989 for temperature stresses; David and Capy, 1988;Capy et al, 1993Capy et al, , 1994 (Parsons, 1983 (Stephanou and Alahiotis, 1983;Huey et al, 1991;Cavicchi et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to heat and cold stress in Drosophila melanogaster: intra and inter population variation in relation to climate

Guerra¹,

Cavicchi²,

Krebs³

et al. 1997

Genet. Sel. Evol.

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Modification of heat resistance in Drosophila by selection

Cited by 72 publications

References 4 publications

Estimating heritability in a threshold trait: heat-shock tolerance in Drosophila buzzatii

Estimating heritability in a threshold trait: heat-shock tolerance in Drosophila buzzatii

Quantitative trait loci for thermotolerance phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster

Resistance to heat and cold stress in Drosophila melanogaster: intra and inter population variation in relation to climate

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