Modification of halloysite nanotubes with supramolecular self-assembly aggregates for reducing smoke release and fire hazard of polypropylene

Shang, Shuo; Ma, Xuli; Yuan, Bihe; Chen, Gongqing; Sun, Yaru; Huang, Chuyuan; He, Song; Dai, Huaming; Chen, Xianfeng

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107371

Cited by 78 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This is due to the non‐flammability of MMT to dilute the flammable matrix. The residual amount of SBR/FOSM is higher than that of SBR/MMT, which is due to the evenly dispersed and thin FOSM layer that has a stronger barrier effect 35,36 . In general, the synergy of MQAS and MMT can play a more excellent role in stabilizing the substrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Flame‐retardant behavior and mechanism of theSBR/MMTcomposites modified by melamine matrix modifier

Cheng

Xuan

Tang

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Melamine quaternary ammonium salt (MQAS), a novel flame‐retardant intercalation modifier, was used to prepare the flame‐retardant organic montmorillonite (FOSM), and which was added to SBR by a two‐roll mixing and molding process to prepared the SBR/FOSM composites. The synergistic flame‐retardant effects of sodium‐based montmorillonite (MMT) and MQAS were investigated by the various methods. The LOI value of SBR was only 19.1%, and FOSM‐4 increased the LOI value of SBR to 24.3%. The cone calorimetry test showed that compared with SBR, the total heat release and the peak heat release rate of SBR/FOSM were reduced by 81.39% and 86.08%, respectively. The analysis of MMT after modification showed that the grafting rate of MQAS was about 10% and the interlayer spacing of MMT was enlarged by about 20%. The synergy of MQAS and MMT not only effectively solves the violent droplet of pure SBR combustion, but also avoids the curling problem of only adding MMT. The char morphology and TG‐FTIR showed that FOSM had dual flame‐retardancy in the condensed phase and the gas phase. The synergistic flame‐retardant effect of phosphorus‐free flame‐retardant modifier and MMT will open up new possibilities for flame‐retardant elastomer composites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Flame‐retardant behavior and mechanism of theSBR/MMTcomposites modified by melamine matrix modifier

Cheng

Xuan

Tang

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Figure 5C was a spectrogram of N in DHCP‐PA. In addition, the binding energies of NH 2 and NH 3 + in DHCP‐PA existed in 400.8 and 401.5 eV 22 . The two fitted peaks indicated that PA successfully reacted with the amino groups in DHCP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Preparation of a novel synergistic flame retardant and its application in silicone rubber composites

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Fire and Materials

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Summary Dehydration condensation product (DHCP) was prepared by addition and dehydration condensation reactions of 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), vinyl trimethoxysilane, and (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane. DHCP‐PA with high phosphorus content was prepared by reaction between DHCP and phytic acid (PA). It was then compounded with oxidized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (OMWCNTs) to prepare silicone rubber (SR) flame retardant composites. The results showed that the SR with a small amount of DHCP‐PA owned good flame retardant effect. The heat release rate (HRR) was decreased from 436 kW/m2 for pure SR to 288 kW/m2 for the SR with 5 phr DHCP‐PA, and the decreasing degree was 33.9%. After mixing 5 phr DHCP‐PA with 1 phr OMWCNTs, the HRR of SR composite was decreased from 436 to 251 kW/m2, the smoke production rate was decreased from 0.161 to 0.087 m2/s, the limited oxygen index value was increased from 20.4% to 28.4%, and the flame retardant grade can reach UL94 V‐0. In addition, the synergistic flame retardant mechanism was researched and analyzed.

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“…The use of a bench-scale testing approach like ISO TS 19700 (Purser Furnace) with cone calorimeter can be useful for generating and reproducing the flammability and toxicity properties of cladding materials simultaneously (Stec, 2017). In addition, for suppressing the smoke generation zinc borate, magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH) 2 or MDH] polyethyleneimine (PEI) with alginate, sepiolite ammonium phosphomolybdate trihydrate and nano-clay on polypropylene are being used in different research work (Giudice and Benıtez, 2001; Kim, 2003; ISO 5660–1:2015; Zhang et al , 2015a; Shang et al , 2019). Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and graphene oxide as a “nanosheet” can be used for gaining reduced smoke properties in the polymer (Qu et al , 2020).…”

Section: Challenges and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame behaviour, fire hazard and fire testing approach for lightweight composite claddings – a review

Hossain

Hassan

Yuen

et al. 2021

JSFE

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to review and summarise the existing available literature on lightweight cladding systems to provide detailed information on fire behaviour (ignitibility, heat release rate and smoke toxicity) and various test method protocols. Additionally, the paper discusses the challenges and provides updated knowledge and recommendation on selective-fire mechanisms such as rapid-fire spread, air cavity and fire re-entry behaviours due to dripping and melting of lightweight composite claddings. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive literature review on fire behaviour, fire hazard and testing methods of lightweight composite claddings has been conducted in this research. In summarising all possible fire hazards, particular attention is given to the potential impact of toxicity of lightweight cladding fires. In addition, various criteria for fire performance evaluation of lightweight composite claddings are also highlighted. These evaluations are generally categorised as small-, intermediate- and large-scale test methods. Findings The major challenges of lightweight claddings are rapid fire spread, smoke production and toxicity and inconsistency in fire testing. Originality/value The review highlights the current challenges in cladding fire, smoke toxicity, testing system and regulation to provide some research recommendations to address the identified challenges.

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Modification of halloysite nanotubes with supramolecular self-assembly aggregates for reducing smoke release and fire hazard of polypropylene

Cited by 78 publications

References 64 publications

Flame‐retardant behavior and mechanism of theSBR/MMTcomposites modified by melamine matrix modifier

Flame‐retardant behavior and mechanism of theSBR/MMTcomposites modified by melamine matrix modifier

Preparation of a novel synergistic flame retardant and its application in silicone rubber composites

Flame behaviour, fire hazard and fire testing approach for lightweight composite claddings – a review

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