Modification of Fruit Ripening by Suppressing Gene Expression

Theologis, Athanasios; Zarembinski, Thomas I.; Oeller, Paul W.; Liang, Xiaowu; Abel, Steffen

doi:10.1104/pp.100.2.549

Cited by 62 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is in line with earlier works indicating that plants transformed with the antisense construct AC0lAs give abnormally small ethylene yields when supplted with ACC (Hamilton et al, 1990) and that expression of the sense gene correlates positively with ethylene production in ripening fruits and wounded leaves (Holdsworth et al, 1987). However, the view that a moderate decrease in ACC oxidase can regulate ethylene biosynthesis is contrary to the generally accepted view (Yang et al, 1985) that the amounts of the enzyme are constitutively in excess and that changes in activity levels have little regulatory significance compared to that of the unstable enzyme ACC synthase (Theologis et al, 1992).…”

Section: Scussl Oncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Increased 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Activity in Shoots of Flooded Tomato Plants Raises Ethylene Production to Physiologically Active Levels

et al. 1995

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Soil flooding increased 1 -aminocyclopropane-1 -carboxylic (ACC) acid oxidase activity in petioles of wild-type tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum 1.) plants within 6 to 12 h in association with faster rates of ethylene production. Petioles of flooded plants transformed with an antisense construct to one isoform of an ACC oxidase gene (ACO1) produced less ethylene and had lower ACC oxidase activity than those of the wild type. Flooding promoted epinastic curvature but did so less strongly in plants transformed with the antisense construct than in the wild type. Exogenous ethylene, supplied to well-drained plants, also promoted epinastic curvature, but transformed and wild-type plants responded similarly. Flooding increased the specific delivery (flux) of ACC to the shoots (picomoles per second per square meter of leaf) in xylem sap flowing from the roots. The amounts were similar in both transformed and wild-type plants. These observations demonstrate that changes in ACC oxidase activity in shoot tissue resulting from either soil flooding or introducing ACC oxidase antisense constructs can influence rates of ethylene production to a physiologically significant extent. They also implicate systemic root to shoot signals in regulating the activity of ACC oxidase in the shoot.In this paper we examine the possible role of ACC oxidation in regulating ethylene biosynthesis in vegetative shoots of flooded tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants.We also assess whether changes in ethylene production attributable to different levels of ACC oxidase activity are of physiological significance for the shoots of flooded plants. During soil flooding, the root environment becomes depleted of oxygen (Grable, 1966). In response, shoot systems show a wide range of physiological and biochemical changes. Some of these changes, such as petiole epinasty in tomato, may be adaptive (Armstrong et al., 1994). Epinasty can be observed within 6 to 12 h of flooding (Jackson and Campbell, 1975) and is brought about by the action of ethylene, following enhanced accumulation (Kawase, 1972) and production (Bradford and Dilley, 1978;

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Section: Scussl Oncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Increased 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Activity in Shoots of Flooded Tomato Plants Raises Ethylene Production to Physiologically Active Levels

et al. 1995

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“…As already stated earlier, this plant hormone plays a major role in the ripening process of climacteric fruits (Theologis et al 1992;Yang 1995;Nagata et al 1995;Lelievre et al 1997;Saltveit 1999;Barry et al 2000;Atta-Aly et al 2000;Klee 2002;Alexander and Grierson 2002;Hoeberichts et al 2002;Bouzayen et al 2010;Paul et al 2011b). Ethylene is thought to start a cascade of events leading to many interactive signaling and metabolic pathways for the progress of ripening in climacteric fruits (Fig.…”

Section: Ethylenementioning

confidence: 79%

Role of internal atmosphere on fruit ripening and storability—a review

2011

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Concentrations of different gases and volatiles present or produced inside a fruit are determined by the permeability of the fruit tissue to these compounds. Primarily, surface morphology and anatomical features of a given fruit determine the degree of permeance across the fruit. Species and varietal variability in surface characteristics and anatomical features therefore influence not only the diffusibility of gases and volatiles across the fruits but also the activity and response of various metabolic and physiological reactions/processes regulated by these compounds. Besides the well-known role of ethylene, gases and volatiles; O 2 , CO 2 , ethanol, acetaldehyde, water vapours, methyl salicylate, methyl jasmonate and nitric oxide (NO) have the potential to regulate the process of ripening individually and also in various interactive ways. Differences in the prevailing internal atmosphere of the fruits may therefore be considered as one of the causes behind the existing varietal variability of fruits in terms of rate of ripening, qualitative changes, firmness, shelf-life, ideal storage requirement, extent of tolerance towards reduced O 2 and/or elevated CO 2 , transpirational loss and susceptibility to various physiological disorders. In this way, internal atmosphere of a fruit (in terms of different gases and volatiles) plays a critical regulatory role in the process of fruit ripening. So, better and holistic understanding of this internal atmosphere along with its exact regulatory role on various aspects of fruit ripening will facilitate the development of more meaningful, refined and effective approaches in postharvest management of fruits. Its applicability, specially for the climacteric fruits, at various stages of the supply chain from growers to consumers would assist in reducing postharvest losses not only in quantity but also in quality.

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“…1,36,[37][38][39] Different isoforms of these enzymes limits the success of antisense suppression of the genes coding for these enzymes in other crops, e.g., Oeller et al (1991) 40 observed limited success while using antisense ACC synthase to lower plant ethylene levels in tomato. In addition, ACC oxidase is present in meagre amounts in plant tissues.…”

Section: Targeting Ethylene Perception and Not Ethylene Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 (2) Antisense suppression of carnation ACC oxidase resulted in noticeable decline in ethylene production during flower senescence and enhanced longevity of flowers. This could only check the endogenous production of ethylene 42 and application of exogenous ethylene which would re-establish the impact of ethylene. However, the same idea did not work in case of begonia.…”

Section: Targeting Ethylene Perception and Not Ethylene Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of ethylene receptors during senescence and ripening in horticultural crops

Agarwal

Choudhary

Singh

et al. 2012

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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Modification of Fruit Ripening by Suppressing Gene Expression

Cited by 62 publications

References 22 publications

Increased 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Activity in Shoots of Flooded Tomato Plants Raises Ethylene Production to Physiologically Active Levels

Increased 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Activity in Shoots of Flooded Tomato Plants Raises Ethylene Production to Physiologically Active Levels

Role of internal atmosphere on fruit ripening and storability—a review

Role of ethylene receptors during senescence and ripening in horticultural crops

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