Modification of dietary oxalate and calcium reduces urinary oxalate in hyperoxaluric patients with kidney stones

Massey, Linda K.; Sutton, R. A. L.

doi:10.1016/0002-8223(93)91961-o

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some authors have shown that even hyperoxaluria caused by a high consumption of oxalate-rich foods can be reduced by the simultaneous intake of milk and dairy products. [55][56][57] On the other hand, fruits and vegetables display an anti-lithogenic effect because these foods are associated with an increase in urine volume, potassium, citrate, magnesium, and pH. 58 Conversely, the elimination of fruits and vegetables from the diet of normal subjects causes unfavorable changes in urinary stone risk factors, leading to a significant increase in supersaturation of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate.…”

Section: Fruits and Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Therapy in Idiopathic Nephrolithiasis

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Like other diseases striking predominantly the affluent societies, idiopathic nephrolithiasis is increasing in rich countries and appears to be closely related to dietary habits. In this review we summarize the latest evidence about the efficacy of dietary treatment for idiopathic calcium and uric acid stones, dealing especially with its effect on the urinary stone risk factors, stone recurrences, and clinical limitations. After a short introduction on epidemiology and pathogenesis, we review the role of the most important foods and nutrients in stone formation and protection: water and other fluids, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, salt, milk and dairy products, fruits and vegetables, and vitamins. The final part of the paper will provide practical guidelines for pursuing an anti-lithogenic diet in idiopathic calcium and uric acid stones.

show abstract

Section: Fruits and Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Therapy in Idiopathic Nephrolithiasis

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Small increases in oxalate excretion have pronounced effects on the production of calcium oxalate in the urine, implying that foods high in oxalate can promote hyperoxaluria (high oxalate excretion) and increase the risk of stone formation. As well as causing significant increases in urinary oxalate excretion in healthy individuals, rhubarb, spinach, beet, nuts, chocolate, tea, coffee, parsley, celery and wheat bran have been identified as the main dietary sources in the risk of kidney stone formation 69 , 70 . However, it has been reported that black tea increased oxalate excretion by only 7.9%, compared with increases of 300 and 400% for spinach and rhubarb, respectively 71 .…”

Section: Adverse Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase in calcium intake may reduce urinary oxalate excretion by binding to more oxalate in the gut, thus reducing the risk of stone formation. Varying amounts of calcium did not result in significantly different levels of urinary calcium 69 . It has been suggested that if the population as a whole were to increase its urinary oxalate concentration to the upper limit of normal, most individuals would exceed the formation product of calcium oxalate and form crystals spontaneously in their urine 72 .…”

Section: Adverse Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxalate content of foods and its effect on humans

Noonan

Savage

1999

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr

352

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oxalic acid and its salts occur as end products of metabolism in a number of plant tissues. When these plants are eaten they may have an adverse effect because oxalates bind calcium and other minerals. While oxalic acid is a normal end product of mammalian metabolism, the consumption of additional oxalic acid may cause stone formation in the urinary tract when the acid is excreted in the urine. Soaking and cooking of foodstuffs high in oxalate will reduce the oxalate content by leaching. The mean daily intake of oxalate in English diets has been calculated to be 70–150 mg, with tea appearing to contribute the greatest proportion of oxalate in these diets; rhubarb, spinach and beet are other common high oxalate‐content foods. Vegetarians who consume greater amounts of vegetables will have a higher intake of oxalates, which may reduce calcium availability. This may be an increased risk factor for women, who require greater amounts of calcium in the diet. In humans, diets low in calcium and high in oxalates are not recommended but the occasional consumption of high oxalate foods as part of a nuritious diet does not pose any particular problem.

show abstract

“…However, in another series of our experimental model, we have found that a small amount of oxalate could be absorbed from the stomach after gastric administration and when the gastric emptying was blocked (unpublished observation). Other experimental evidence has also suggested that increased dietary intake of calcium actually reduces the risk of stone formation by preventing oxalate absorption and urinary excretion (10)(11)(12)16,(26)(27)31,32). These findings have superseded the previous suspicion/belief that dietary calcium may increase the risk of urinary stone formation, which has often led to restriction of calcium intake by stone-formers in order to decrease stone recurrence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Ox, 10 mg of oxalic acid; NCa milk, standard milk; HCa milk, high-calcium & low-fat milk; Ca, calcium salt equimolar to 10 mg of oxalate). salts to oxalate-containing meals can reduce urinary oxalate excretion (14,22,(25)(26)(27)(28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk and calcium prevent gastrointestinal absorption and urinary excretion of oxalate in rats

Hossain

Ogawa²,

Morozumi³

et al. 2003

Front Biosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dietary oxalate plays a very important role in the formation of calcium oxalate stones, and dietary intake of calcium may decrease oxalate absorption and its subsequent urinary excretion. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect on urinary oxalate excretion of an acute oral calcium load, standard milk, or high-calcium low-fat milk followed by a dose of oxalic acid. Male Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. All animals were fasted for about 24 hours, anesthetized, and hydrated with normal saline at 3-4 mL/hour. Then the animals were given 1 mL of normal saline [Control], 10 mg (111.1 micromol) of oxalic acid [Ox alone], 2 mL of standard milk (calcium: 1.16 mg or 29 micromol/mL) [NCa milk], 2 mL of high-calcium low-fat milk (calcium: 2.05 mg or 51.3 micromol/mL) [HCa milk], equimolar calcium (4.44 mg or 111 micromol) followed by 10 mg of oxalic acid [Ca + Ox], 2 mL of high-calcium low-fat milk followed by 10 mg of oxalic acid [HCa milk + Ox], or 2 mL of standard milk followed by 10 mg of oxalic acid [NCa milk + Ox]. All treatments were administered via a gastrostomy. Urine samples were collected by bladder puncture just before administration and at hourly intervals up to 5 hours afterwards. Urinary oxalate was measured by capillary electrophoresis, while urinary calcium, magnesium and phosphorus were measured by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Urinary oxalate excretion peaked at 1 hour in the Ox alone group, while it peaked at 2 or 3 hours in the Ca + Ox, HCa milk + Ox, and NCa milk + Ox groups. Urinary oxalate excretion decreased significantly when 10 mg of oxalate was administered immediately after the administration of equimolar calcium, high-calcium low-fat milk, or standard milk. The cumulative urinary oxalate excretion over 5 hours was approximately 13.6%, 3.5%, 1.6%, and 2.4% in the Ox alone, Ca + Ox, HCa milk + Ox, and NCa milk + Ox groups, respectively. In conclusions, this study demonstrated that calcium salt, or dairy products containing calcium (especially high-calcium low-fat milk) could decrease the gastrointestinal absorption and subsequent urinary excretion of oxalate.

show abstract

Modification of dietary oxalate and calcium reduces urinary oxalate in hyperoxaluric patients with kidney stones

Cited by 26 publications

References 10 publications

Dietary Therapy in Idiopathic Nephrolithiasis

Dietary Therapy in Idiopathic Nephrolithiasis

Oxalate content of foods and its effect on humans

Milk and calcium prevent gastrointestinal absorption and urinary excretion of oxalate in rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About