Modificación de Sesgos Cognitivos (MSC) en depresión: Una revisión crítica de nuevos procedimientos para el cambio de sesgos cognitivos

Abstract

ResumenLos sesgos cognitivos juegan un papel importante como factores de vulnerabilidad en los trastornos emocionales. Recientemente se han empezado a desarrollar intervenciones para la Modificación de Sesgos Cognitivos (MSC), con el objetivo final de mejorar los síntomas clínicos. Aunque estos procedimientos innovadores se han utilizado más en los problemas de ansiedad, existe una investigación creciente sobre su uso en la depresión. En este trabajo efectuamos una revisión del marco teórico, los procedimientos utilizados y los principales resultados de la MSC en la depresión, en especial en la corrección de sesgos atencionales y de interpretación. Finalmente se analizan las limitaciones conceptuales y metodológicas de estas nuevas intervenciones y se discuten sus implicaciones clínicas, teóricas y aplicadas. Palabras clave: Modificación de sesgos cognitivos (MSC), sesgos cognitivos, intervenciones cognitivas y depresión. AbstractCognitive biases play an important role as vulnerability factors in emotional disorders. Interventions for Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) have recently begun to be developed with the ultimate goal of improving clinical symptoms. Although these innovative procedures have been applied mainly in anxiety problems, there is increasing research on the application in depression. This work reviews the theoretical framework, the procedures used, and the main results of CBM in depression, especially in the modification of attention and interpretative bias. Finally the conceptual and methodological limitations of these promising interventions procedures are analyzed as well as the clinical, theoretical and applied implications.

Perception of Safety and Liking Associated to the Colour Intervention of Bike Lanes: Contribution from the Behavioural Sciences to Urban Design and Wellbeing

“…It was intended to replicate natural contexts as similar as possible with the techniques currently available, in order to assess situations that otherwise can be considered as highly difficult to handle and control. Furthermore, the use of pictures to elicit subjects responses has been proved useful in similar studies [ 23 – 25 ]. Another issue to be addressed on the use of images in research is the one related to image visualization and monitor calibration.…”

Retos en el desarrollo de intervenciones psicológicas y la práctica asistencial en salud mental

“…Another approach targets processes which are common to different specific psychological disorders, which have been isolated as being particularly relevant to the establishment or maintenance of such changes (e.g., cognitive biases in emotional disorders, or processing modes, such as overgeneralizing memories or excessive rumination in depressive and anxiety disorders). However, these innovative attempts offer limited efficiency, at least in the case of procedures that have been used thus far (e.g., Cristea et al, 2015;Duque, López-Gómez, Blanco y Vázquez, 2015). The growing attention that has been given to training patients in mindfulness has shown to be promising and there exists great interest as to what processes and mechanisms of these practices are (Gu et al, 2015).…”

‘Relearning How to Think’: A Brief Online Intervention to Modify Biased Interpretations in Emotional Disorders. Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial

“…Yet, the theoretical support to this mechanistic and repetitive procedure (that typically involves hundreds or even thousands of trials) is still not clear. In fact, it could be possible that CBM procedures focused on enhancing elaborative rather than automatic processing modes could be more bene cial for disorders like depression where those elaborative mechanisms seem to be more affected than automatic ones [26].…”