Modernizing the open-source community Noah-MP land surface model (version 5.0) with enhanced modularity, interoperability, and applicability

He, Cenlin; Valayamkunnath, Prasanth; Barlage, Michael; Chen, Fei; Gochis, David; Cabell, Ryan; Schneider, Tim; Rasmussen, Roy; Niu, Guo Yue; Yang, Zong‐Liang; Niyogi, Dev; Ek, Michael

doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-675

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…These options include using table‐specified vegetation fractions and interpolated monthly LAI (i.e., no dynamic vegetation model or crop model), the Ball‐Berry formulation for canopy stomatal resistances, the CLM formulation for soil transpiration reduction factor (Niu et al., 2011), the original Unified Noah surface and subsurface runoff (He et al., 2023; Schaake et al., 1996), the Monin Obukov similarity theory solver for surface layer coefficients (Brutsaert, 1982), linear effects of frozen soil on permeability, direct solving of supercooled liquid water within the soil (Niu & Yang, 2006), the CLASS formulation for dynamic ground snow surface albedo (Verseghy, 2007), the Jordan approach for partitioning precipitation into rainfall or snowfall (Jordan, 1991), a semi‐implicit flux top boundary condition for top layer soil temperature, and the Sakaguchi and Zeng (2009) approach for surface resistance to evaporation and sublimation. All simulations used default parameters in the Noah‐MP unless otherwise specified (He et al., 2023; Niu et al., 2011). This study uses the bulk urban treatment instead of any explicit urban physics model like the urban canyon (Kusaka et al., 2001) or BEP (Martilli et al., 2002) models, and utilizes the default bulk thermal and radiative properties for pavements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Ecohydrology: Accounting for Sub‐Grid Lateral Water and Energy Transfers in a Land Surface Model

Alexander,

Voter,

Wright

et al. 2024

Water Resources Research

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Although urbanization fundamentally alters water and energy cycles, contemporary land surface models (LSMs) often do not include key urban vegetation processes that serve to transfer water and energy laterally across heterogeneous urban land types. Urban water/energy transfers occur when rainfall landing on rooftops, sidewalks, and driveways is redirected to lawns or pervious pavement and when transpiration occurs from branches overhanging impervious surfaces with the corresponding root water uptake takes place in nearby portions of yards. We introduce Noah‐MP for Heterogenous Urban Environments (Noah‐MP HUE), which adds sub‐grid water transfers to the widely used Noah‐MP LSM. We examine how sub‐grid water transfers change surface water and energy balances by systematically increasing the amount of simulated water transfer for four scenarios: tree canopy expanding over pavement (Urban Tree Expansion), tree canopy shifting over pavement (Urban Tree Shift), and directing impermeable runoff onto surrounding vegetation (Downspout Disconnection) or into an engineered pavement (Permeable Pavement). Even small percentages of sub‐grid water transfer can reduce runoff and enhance evapotranspiration and deep drainage. Event‐scale runoff reduction depends on storm depth, rainfall intensity, and antecedent soil moisture. Sub‐grid water transfers also tend to enhance (reduce) latent (sensible) heat. Results highlight the importance not only of fine‐scale heterogeneity on larger scale surface processes, but also the importance of urban management practices that enhance lateral water transfers and water storage–so‐called green infrastructure–as they change land surface fluxes and, potentially, atmospheric processes. This work opens a pathway to directly integrate those practices in regional climate simulations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Ecohydrology: Accounting for Sub‐Grid Lateral Water and Energy Transfers in a Land Surface Model

Alexander,

Voter,

Wright

et al. 2024

Water Resources Research

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“…Details concerning the parameterization scheme for each land surface process can be found in Niu et al. (2011) and the latest technical documentation (He et al., 2023). Here, we provide comprehensive descriptions of Noah‐MP with a specific emphasis on runoff modeling.…”

Section: Model Data and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Interactions of Noah‐MP Land Surface Processes on the Simulated Runoff Over the Tibetan Plateau

Li,

Gan,

Zhang

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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The quantification of uncertainties in runoff over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), simulated by land surface models (LSMs), is of paramount importance for effective water resources management within this region. However, the interactions of land surface processes on simulated runoff, where the effectiveness of one process depends on the chosen scheme for another, have rarely been studied. To address this gap, we conducted ensemble simulations with the Noah‐MP (Noah with multiparameterization) LSM by varying the optional parameterization schemes of six land surface processes and quantified the sensitivities of the simulated runoff to these processes. Results showed that the simulated runoff over the TP was most sensitive to the RUN (runoff‐groundwater) process. The interplay of RUN and FRO (frozen soil permeability) accounted for up to 30% of the variation in the annual mean surface runoff in the TP's permafrost regions. The interactions of RUN and VEG (dynamic vegetation) on summer and autumn subsurface runoff exceeded 10% in the southeast TP. In regions where these interactions among land surface processes significantly affected simulated runoff, we observed elevated model errors and reduced model controllability. Therefore, this study underscores the imperative need to categorize land regions based on the interactions of land surface processes as a foundational step toward enhancing the performance of LSMs. Prioritizing improvements in model physics should be particularly directed toward regions marked by high interactions.

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“…Comprehensive details of Noah‐MP snowpack treatment can be found in He et al. (2023). The open‐source community Noah‐MP LSM is maintained by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and is available on GitHub: https://github.com/NCAR/noahmp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noah‐MP input and output data used to support the findings of this study are publicly available on Mendeley Data (Abolafia‐Rosenzweig & He, 2023). The widely‐used Noah‐MP land surface modeling system, which is used in this study, is publicly available on GitHub here: https://github.com/NCAR/hrldas (He et al., 2023).…”

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Noah‐MP Simulated Runoff and Snowpack in Heavily Burned Pacific‐Northwest Snow‐Dominated Catchments

Abolafia‐Rosenzweig,

He,

Chen

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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Terrestrial hydrology is altered by fires, particularly in snow‐dominated catchments. However, fire impacts on catchment hydrology are often neglected from land surface model (LSM) simulations. Western U.S. wildfire activity has been increasing in recent decades and is projected to continue increasing over at least the next three decades, and thus it is important to evaluate if neglecting fire impacts in operational land surface models (LSMs) is a significant error source that has a noticeable signal among other sources of uncertainty. We evaluate a widely used state‐of‐the‐art LSM (Noah‐MP) in runoff and snowpack simulations at two representative fire‐affected snow‐dominated catchments in the Pacific Northwest: Andrew's Creek in Washington and Johnson Creek in Idaho. These two catchments are selected across all western U.S. fire‐affected catchments because they are snow‐dominated and experienced more than 50% burning in a single fire event with minimal burning outside of this event, which allows analyses of distinct pre‐ and post‐fire periods. There are statistically significant shifts in model skills from pre‐to post‐fire years in simulating runoff and snowpack. At both study catchments, simulations miss enhancements in early‐spring runoff and annual runoff efficiency during post‐fire years, resulting in persistent underestimates of annual runoff anomalies throughout the 12‐year post‐fire analysis periods. Enhanced post‐fire snow accumulation and melt contributes to observed but unmodeled increases of spring runoff and annual runoff efficiency at these catchments. Informing simulations with satellite observed land cover classifications, leaf area index, and green fraction do not consistently improve the model ability to simulate hydrologic responses to fire disturbances.

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Modernizing the open-source community Noah-MP land surface model (version 5.0) with enhanced modularity, interoperability, and applicability

Cited by 5 publications

References 56 publications

Urban Ecohydrology: Accounting for Sub‐Grid Lateral Water and Energy Transfers in a Land Surface Model

Urban Ecohydrology: Accounting for Sub‐Grid Lateral Water and Energy Transfers in a Land Surface Model

Quantifying the Interactions of Noah‐MP Land Surface Processes on the Simulated Runoff Over the Tibetan Plateau

Evaluating Noah‐MP Simulated Runoff and Snowpack in Heavily Burned Pacific‐Northwest Snow‐Dominated Catchments

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