Modernizing residential heating in Russia: End-use practices, legal developments, and future prospects

Korppoo, Anna; Korobova, Nina

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.11.078

Cited by 46 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…District heating consumption has been declining overall since 1990. Thus, between 1993 and 2007, total final consumption decreased by 54 percent among the industrial consumers, while combined consumption of residential, commercial, and public consumers fell by 33 percent over the same time period (Korppo and Korobova 2012). This trend can be attributed to several factors including industry moving toward onsite boilers that supply industrial needs only 2 ; improved building efficiency; and users being driven away by low-quality services.…”

Section: Heat Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The average heat boiler efficiency is reported at 73 percent (ECE 2010a), with some studies citing an average efficiency of 33 percent for older coal plants and 36 percent for older gas-fired plants (Korppo and Korobova 2012). For comparison, production efficiency in district heating systems in Western Europe is estimated to be 85 to 95 percent (IEA 2004).…”

Section: Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heat policy also has strong economic and social implications since the heating period in Russia lasts up to 10 months, and about 73 percent of the Russian population-92 percent in urban areas and 20 percent in rural areas-depend on Russia's district heating sector, the largest in the world (Korppo and Korobova 2012).…”

Section: The State Of District Heating In Russiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Playing Hot and Cold: How Can Russian Heat Policy Find Its Way Toward Energy Efficiency?

Roshchanka¹,

Evans²

2012

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Executive SummaryThe Russian district heating market has a large energy-saving potential, and, therefore, need for investments. The scale of needed investments is significant and reflects decades of underinvestment: about 70 percent of the district heating infrastructure needs replacement or maintenance, as is estimated by the Russian government. Securing the necessary financing will require involving the private industry and creating favorable conditions for private investors. In addition, for private parties to invest in district heating facilities across Russia, and not only in pockets of already successful enterprises, regulators have to develop a comprehensive policy that incorporates cost-reflective tariffs, metering, incentives for efficiency, and social support for the neediest consumers (rather than subsidies for all).Russia's new legislation on district heating provides a strong basis for improvements in the sector. But many challenges remain to be addressed, especially when it comes to the practicalities of implementing the law.The biggest challenge for Russia's district heating policy has been the fact that tariff revenue does not cover the full costs of district heating. This has made it hard to modernize or even maintain district heating systems, which has led to growing inefficiency and service disruptions. This financial situation has also made it difficult to attract private investment and management. While tariffs that do not fully reflect costs are a major reason for revenue shortfalls, non-payments, or poor enforcement of payment discipline, is also a contributing factor. Both low tariffs and non-payments also reduce incentives for consumers to save.The second major challenge is the lack of accurate information on actual consumption, losses, and volume supplied. Introducing metering can help address this; the new law requires metering, and municipalities and district heating companies are working to implement it. Regulators, however, should ensure that metered data are incorporated into billing and planning. When norms and estimates are used, as has been customary in Russia, they often do not reflect the actual situation and fail to send the right signals to consumers and suppliers about their behavior and ability to improve efficiency of consuming or supplying heat. In situations when loss norms are lower than actual losses and metering is absent, losses tend to be passed to consumers and never addressed.The legislation takes courageous steps in addressing these two basic challenges; this is particularly important as other policy improvements hinge upon success in these areas. In parallel with more completely addressing these challenges, regulators can also continue improving the policy framework for district heating in several ways: Ensuring that suppliers have the opportunity to cover their costs through tariffs and can build in necessary replacement costs and investments. Social needs can be better addressed through social support and energy efficiency programs, not broad subsidies. Inc...

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Section: Heat Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The State Of District Heating In Russiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Playing Hot and Cold: How Can Russian Heat Policy Find Its Way Toward Energy Efficiency?

Roshchanka¹,

Evans²

2012

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“…The complex and non-transparent system of financing municipal heating in the Russian Federation poses a major obstacle to the conversion to local energy sources [55,56]. Stakeholders involved in modernisation of municipal heating often have conflicting interests and the private investment climate is uninviting [20].…”

Section: Obstacles Of Domestic Bioenergy Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable energy in Russia: The take off in solid bioenergy?

Pristupa

Mol

2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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Triggered by debates on climate change and energy security, renewable energy sources are presently high on the political agenda in many countries. In this regard Russia seems to stand aside worldwide developments. Until recently Russia's enormous potential in renewable energy sources remained poorly utilized. However, Russia's formal commitment to the global climate change regime, its new Energy Strategy 2030, and an increase in wood pellet production suggest a discontinuity. This paper investigates and explains the (limited) progress in the solid bioenergy sector in Northwest Russia. With little Russian experience in this sector, poor technological knowledge on renewables, and inadequate domestic market structures, the development of a domestic solid bioenergy sector is far from easy. Hence, Northwest Russian wood pellet developments cannot be traced back to new federal policies, only partly to local demand and stimulation, and significantly to foreign drivers. Major EU demand for wood pellets and intensified collaboration with foreign companies and organisations leading in the field of solid bioenergy research, technology and trade have triggered these developments. But it is a long way before Russia will be released from its fossil fuel addiction, as repeatedly promised by governmental officials.

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“…Particular attention, as a rule, is given to activities aimed at improving the energy efficiency of administrative and industrial purposes buildings and facilities [3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research of Energy Saving Mode of Building Distributed Control System Under Influence of Many Disturbing Factors

Morozov

Ushakov

2016

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract.A model of the building heating system, consisting of energy source, a distributed automatic control system, elements of individual heating unit and heating system is designed. Application Simulink of mathematical package Matlab is selected as a platform for the model. There are the specialized application Simscape libraries in aggregate with a wide range of Matlab mathematical tools allow to apply the "acausal" modeling concept. Implementation the "physical" representation of the object model gave improving the accuracy of the models. Advanced weather block allowed to investigate the efficiency of the control system with dynamically changing the numerous factors affecting the building energy consumption for maintaining optimal climate parameters. The conducted research of heating system and automatic control system allowed estimate efficiency of control system regulating process. The results of research of thermal condition premises, situated in the different sides of the building facade are given. The conclusions about the possibility of increasing the operational efficiency of heating system in the implementation of distributed control systems are presented.

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Modernizing residential heating in Russia: End-use practices, legal developments, and future prospects

Cited by 46 publications

References 2 publications

Playing Hot and Cold: How Can Russian Heat Policy Find Its Way Toward Energy Efficiency?

Playing Hot and Cold: How Can Russian Heat Policy Find Its Way Toward Energy Efficiency?

Renewable energy in Russia: The take off in solid bioenergy?

Research of Energy Saving Mode of Building Distributed Control System Under Influence of Many Disturbing Factors

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