Modernism in Belgrade: Classification of Modernist Housing Buildings 1919-1980

The Evolution of Multifamily Housing: Post-Second World War Large Housing Estates versus Post-Socialist Multifamily Housing Types in Slovenia

“…Le Normand [36] has confirmed that housing was one of the few consumer goods that was distributed through the workplace. According to Dragutinović et al [37], the state was the only provider of new dwellings during the first post-war decade. And in order to realize the egalitarian doctrine, dwellings in large housing estates were allocated to all employees, i.e., functionaries of the Communist Party, middle class public employees (including university professors and medical doctors) and industrial workers, regardless of social status.…”

The ‘socialist apartment’ in Yugoslavia: Paradigm or tendency?

“…The main supporters of this idea in Yugoslavia were professors Mate Bajlon, Branislav Milenković and Branko Aleksić, all from the Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade. It is considered that the term "extended circulation area" was officially used for the first time by Bajlon at the Seminar FAO, organized in Belgrade in 1957 (Bajlon, 1975;Dragutinović et al, 2017). According to Bajlon, extended circulation areas were the result of an attempt to "find the form of family gathering at the table, in cases when the crammed apartment did not allow it, so it was added as an extention of the living room" (Bajlon, 1972).…”

“…Post-war housing architecture in Yugoslavia was the product of the socialist self-management, non-alignment policy in foreign affairs and decentralization in internal affairs, as well as the economic strength of the state and society as a consequence of these factors. Numerous problems, such as wide-spread poverty, the lack of construction materials on the free market, and the attitude expressed by the communist authorities that "a wish for private house or apartment reflected the expression of the petty bourgeois mentality" (Dobrivojević, 2012) all contributed to the fact that in the first post-war decade the state itself was the only constructor of new apartments (Dragutinović et al, 2017). The tendency to reduce the surface area of apartments, along with short construction deadlines and inexperienced designers resulted in apartments, even those built in Belgrade, being mostly uncomfortable and cramped (Dobrivojević, 2012).…”

Станбената Политика И Домувањето Во Социјалистичка Македонија

“…Повоената обнова на постоечкиот и изградбата на новиот станбен фонд во Југославија, односно во Македонија, имале најголем интензитет во текот на 1960-тите и 1970-тите, кога се изградени повеќе стотина илјади станови ширум државата (Alfirević, Simonović-Alfirević 2018: 26-38). Бројните проблеми, како општоприсутната сиромаштија, неможноста градежните материјали да се купат во слободна продажба, како и ставот на комунистичките власти дека "тенденцијата за приватна куќа или стан претставува израз на ситнобуржоаскиот стремеж" (Dobrivojević 2012: 115-130), влијаеле на станбената состојба во првата повоена деценија, при што речиси единствен градител на новите станови била државата (Dragutinović et al 2017). Тенденцијата површината на становите што повеќе да се намали, кратките рокови на проектирањето и неискуството на проектантите се рефлекирале во изградбата, и како последица на тоа произлегло становите да бидат главно неудобни и некомфорни (Dobrivojević 2012: 115-130).…”