Modernism and nationalism

Despite the crisis: The resilience of intercultural nationalism in Catalonia

“…In practical terms, this has meant the introduction of pro‐diversity measures such as public recognition for ethnic minority organizations, consideration of minority languages and cultures in education curricula, immigrant‐specific social services, religious accommodation and awareness campaigns to inform the public about diversity. Multiculturalism should also be conceived as a broad political response to erstwhile forms of governance linked to a system of centralized nation‐states that stressed cultural homogenization and was largely coeval with Europe's modern tragedies (Conversi, ; ; ).…”

Ideology, Nationalism and Law: Legal Tools for an Ideological Machinery in Latvia

“…This remained the dominant ideological paradigm at least through the beginning of the 21st century, and it probably still is the most popular and widespread 'ideology' across the world. 11 This stream of 'modernism' is clearly seen in the legislative process of most of European countries: more detailed legal texts, more precision, more terminology, more requirements for compliance. Therefore, regarding the legal field, 'ideologies' somehow dissolve and their various elements become instrumental in service of short-term political and economic goals, not general belief systems to which the world of politics has to adapt.…”

‘The people want(s) to bring down the regime’: (positive) nationalism as theArabSpring's revolution

“…Constructivism mostly explains nations with essentially modern transformations, be that print capitalism (Anderson ), frustrated social mobility (Greenfeld ), the industrial revolution (Gellner ), capitalist imperialism (Nairn ), internal colonialism (Hechter ) or postcolonialism (Chatterjee ). On balance, ‘ “Modernism” is the dominant orthodoxy in the field’ (Smith : 54; see also Conversi ).…”

“…Positive nationalism is modern. The love child of Enlightenment (Kedourie ) and Romanticism (Brubaker ), positive nationalism is deeply entangled in the larger project of modernism (Conversi ). To be sure, there are signs of proto‐positive nationalism before the advent of modernity, for example, in the Scottish Declaration of Arbroath (1320), which set the will of the people above the King (Cowan ).…”

“…Negative nationalism eschews foreign rule (Gat and Yakobson ; Roshwald ). Positive nationalism holds the people as the source of political legitimacy (Conversi ; Kedourie ), justifying both polity and authority via the twin principles of self‐determination (Connor ; Hall ) and popular sovereignty (Greenfeld ; Yack ), respectively. Negative nationalism requires communal solidarity and predates modernity; positive nationalism requires a self‐determining people and is distinctively modern.…”