Modernising autism spectrum disorder model engineering and treatment <i>via</i> CRISPR-Cas9: A gene reprogramming approach

Sandhu, Arushi; Sharma, Anil Kumar; Rawat, Kajal; Gautam, Vipasha; Sharma, Antika; Saha, Lekha

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v11.i14.3114

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 93 publications

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“…It is well-known that treating genetic disorders is a complex challenge, typically addressed by a comprehensive, multi-faceted team employing various therapeutic modalities. One of the emerging approaches in treating genetic disorders involves gene editing [100][101][102]. This technique uses a biological system, such as CRISPR/Cas9, to precisely excise a specific gene segment and employ a biological vector to insert a desired sequence [103][104][105][106].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape of NRXN1 Gene Variants in Phenotypic Manifestations of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Cooper,

Mittal,

Sangadi

et al. 2024

JCM

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Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication challenges and repetitive behaviors. Recent research has increasingly focused on the genetic underpinnings of ASD, with the Neurexin 1 (NRXN1) gene emerging as a key player. This comprehensive systematic review elucidates the contribution of NRXN1 gene variants in the pathophysiology of ASD. Methods: The protocol for this systematic review was designed a priori and was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023450418). A risk of bias analysis was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. We examined various studies that link NRXN1 gene disruptions with ASD, discussing both the genotypic variability and the resulting phenotypic expressions. Results: Within this review, there was marked heterogeneity observed in ASD genotypic and phenotypic manifestations among individuals with NRXN1 mutations. The presence of NRXN1 mutations in this population emphasizes the gene’s role in synaptic function and neural connectivity. Conclusion: This review not only highlights the role of NRXN1 in the pathophysiology of ASD but also highlights the need for further research to unravel the complex genetic underpinnings of the disorder. A better knowledge about the multifaceted role of NRXN1 in ASD can provide crucial insights into the neurobiological foundations of autism and pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape of NRXN1 Gene Variants in Phenotypic Manifestations of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Cooper,

Mittal,

Sangadi

et al. 2024

JCM

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Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Genomic Technologies in Unraveling Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gastrointestinal Comorbidities: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Precision Medicine

Ghunaim,

Ali Agha,

Aburjai

2024

Jordan j. pharm. sci.

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This article explores the potential impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, and single-cell RNA sequencing on improving our understanding and management of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and its gastrointestinal (GI) comorbidities. It examines how these technologies illuminate the complex interplay between the gut and the brain, identifying specific enzyme deficiencies and microbial imbalances linked to GI symptoms in ASD. By leveraging AI and ML, personalized intervention strategies are developed through the analysis of genomic, proteomic, and environmental data, enhancing our ability to predict and address GI issues in ASD. Additionally, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing holds promise for correcting genetic abnormalities related to enzyme production, potentially offering precise treatments. Single-cell RNA sequencing provides critical insights into the cellular diversity of the ASD gut, uncovering new therapeutic targets. The article highlights the transformative potential of these technologies while addressing the associated challenges and ethical considerations. It underscores the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to fully harness their benefits and discusses the significant progress and emerging trends in the field, emphasizing the role of technological advancements in advancing precision medicine for ASD and its GI comorbidities.

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Decoding the genetic landscape of autism: A comprehensive review

Al-Beltagi,

Saeed,

Bediwy

et al. 2024

World J Clin Pediatr

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BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by heterogeneous symptoms and genetic underpinnings. Recent advancements in genetic and epigenetic research have provided insights into the intricate mechanisms contributing to ASD, influencing both diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. AIM To explore the genetic architecture of ASD, elucidate mechanistic insights into genetic mutations, and examine gene-environment interactions. METHODS A comprehensive systematic review was conducted, integrating findings from studies on genetic variations, epigenetic mechanisms (such as DNA methylation and histone modifications), and emerging technologies [including Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 and single-cell RNA sequencing]. Relevant articles were identified through systematic searches of databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. RESULTS Genetic studies have identified numerous risk genes and mutations associated with ASD, yet many cases remain unexplained by known factors, suggesting undiscovered genetic components. Mechanistic insights into how these genetic mutations impact neural development and brain connectivity are still evolving. Epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs, also play significant roles in ASD pathogenesis. Emerging technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 and advanced bioinformatics are advancing our understanding by enabling precise genetic editing and analysis of complex genomic data. CONCLUSION Continued research into the genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of ASD is crucial for developing personalized and effective treatments. Collaborative efforts integrating multidisciplinary expertise and international collaborations are essential to address the complexity of ASD and translate genetic discoveries into clinical practice. Addressing unresolved questions and ethical considerations surrounding genetic research will pave the way for improved diagnostic tools and targeted therapies, ultimately enhancing outcomes for individuals affected by ASD.

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Modernising autism spectrum disorder model engineering and treatment via CRISPR-Cas9: A gene reprogramming approach

Cited by 3 publications

References 93 publications

Landscape of NRXN1 Gene Variants in Phenotypic Manifestations of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Landscape of NRXN1 Gene Variants in Phenotypic Manifestations of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Genomic Technologies in Unraveling Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gastrointestinal Comorbidities: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Precision Medicine

Decoding the genetic landscape of autism: A comprehensive review

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