“…If we start from any point in the moduli space and go to a different point at a large geodesic distance away ∆φ ≫ 1, towers of particles with masses m ∼ e −a∆φ descend from the ultraviolet with some O(1) constant a > 0. The conjecture has been extensively tested in string theory, and there are results establishing its validity in general settings [54,64,67,68]. The critical value of ∆φ at the onset of the exponential behaviour has been studied and quantified in [56,57,59,62,63,66,82].…”