Modern vertical crustal movements of the southern Baltic coast from tide gauge, satellite altimetry and GNSS observations

Abstract

In this study, the vertical crustal movements of the southern Baltic coast were determined based on two independent methods: tide gauge and GNSS observations. The mean sea level change trends were determined from five tide gauge observations and satellite altimetry data along the Polish coastal zone. The vertical crustal movements at nearby GNSS stations were also determined. We used the tide gauge water level data from the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) and from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management National Research Institute, Poland (1951-2017 and 1993-2017) as well as sea level anomalies obtained from the Copernicus Marine and Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) (1993-2017). The time series for GNSS stations eveloped with the PPP technique obtained from Nevada Geodetic Laboratory (NGL) and last-squares approach were used for the analysis. The results provide a view of the absolute vertical crustal movements of the Polish coast. The absolute vertical crustal movements, calculated from tide gauge data and satellite altimetry for the time period between 1951-2017-from +2.20 mm/yr ±0.42 mm/yr to +2.68 mm/yr ±0.31 mm/yr. A comparison was made, and it showed that the absolute movements determined from two data sets were different. This may be a consequence of several factors: short and incomplete time series, other unidentified movements of a GNSS station, a tide gauge of own movements, human activity, geological and hydrological factors, the method of the time series elaboration and of the data used to work out the vertical crustal movements. It is thought that the results are very significant despite the existing differences in the absolute crustal movements, because the sea level is a unique index in studies of climate impact on all changes on the Earth and crustal movements are closely linked to it.

Geodetic Evidence for a Buoyant Mantle Plume Beneath the Eifel Volcanic Area, NW Europe

“…The results of the 3D surface motion in NW Europe presented here are part of a larger study encompassing most of intraplate Europe (Fig 2 .). By investigating both vertical and horizontal deformation, by using robust estimations techniques (of the model and their uncertainties), and by doing this over most of intraplate Europe, our study is better suited to detect significant regional anomalies than previous studies, which had limited spatial reach and/or focused on only vertical (Kontny & Bogusz 2012, Serpelloni et al 2013, Husson et al 2018, Bogusz et al 2019 or horizontal deformation (Ward 1998, Marotta et al 2004, Nocquet et al 2005, Tesauro et al 2006, Bogusz et al 2014, Neres et al 2018, Masson et al 2019. This paper focusses mostly on the only significant 3D deformation anomaly observed in our model (i.e., the 'Eifel Anomaly'), but results for the Massif Central will be presented as well.…”

An Analysis of Vertical Crustal Movements along the European Coast from Satellite Altimetry, Tide Gauge, GNSS and Radar Interferometry

“…The basic prerequisite is the closest proximity of available TG [25,26]. The relative movements v R between a GNSS station and a TG should be taken into account [27]. GNSS stations located on the coast provide the best neighbourhood.…”

“…Statistical and spectral methods are most commonly used to detect white and coloured noise [40,41]. In most cases, only the main annual and semiannual periods of seasonality are used, but considerably longer or shorter periods can also be applied due to the influence of other factors [27,[42][43][44][45].…”

Forecasting and analysing the GNSS vertical time series with an improved VMD-CXGBoost model

“…Researchers use the vertical component of the GNSS daily position time series to analyze the vertical land movement (VLM) for various studies ranging such as sea-level rise estimation, monitoring regional deformation (draught, mining) and monitoring volcanic activity (Poitevin et al 2019;Klos et al 2019;Ballu et al 2019;Kowalczyk 2019;Hammond et al 2021). Kleinherenbrink et al (2018) estimated VLM using differenced altimetry-tide gauge (ALT-TG) data and GNSS vertical position time series.…”