Modern trends in spinal anaesthesia

Neurotoxic Effects of 2-Chloroprocaine and Other Local Anesthetics, Rat

“…The incidence of major complications ranges from none in 78 000 cases (Scarborough 1958) to 0.16% in 65677 cases (Sadove et al 1961). No permanent neurologic sequela was reported in a series of over 500000 spinal anesthetics reviewed by Lund and Cwik (1968). 2-Chloroprocaine for spinal anesthesia seemed to be an exception to these statistics after a rash of clinical reports were published in the early 1980s (Moore et al 1982;Ravindran et al 1980;Reisner et al 1980).…”

Postdural Puncture Headache and the Development of the Epidural Blood Patch

“…Other articles supported the work of Dripps and Vandam, further showing in large case series the safety of properly performed spinal anesthesia. [109][110][111][112] Yet, despite its apparent drawbacks, there are a number of reasons why some practitioners might prefer to stay with the technique of spinal anesthesia. 113 The most obvious was the fact that general anesthesia at the time (usually the notoriously flammable ether) was not significantly better in the eyes of many.…”