Modern Technologies for Pest Control: A Review

Abstract

The major concern for farmers is important loss due to pests and diseases, which is regardless of any production system adopted. Plant pathogens, insects, and weed pests devastate over 40% of all possible sustenance creation every year. This loss happens despite utilizing approximately 3 million tons of pesticide per year in addition to the use of a variety of nonchemical controls such as biological controls and crop rotations. If some of this food could be saved from pest attack, it could be utilized to bolster an excess of 3 billion people who are malnourished in the world today. Expansive range of conventional insecticides such as carbamates, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and organochlorines were developed. They have been used to control insect pests in the course of recent decades, resulting in the reduction of the loss of agricultural yield. However, problems of resistance reaching crisis proportions, the extreme unfavorable impacts of pesticides on the environment, and public complaints led to stricter protocols and regulations directed to reduce their utilization. The pest control industry is continuously examining novel technologies and products that will improve the way to manage and prevent pests. The general objective is to likewise diminish the effects of various available pesticides on the environment and on nontarget creatures, besides the economic influence on bottom lines.

Global Advances on Insect Pest Management Research in Oil Palm

“…Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are synthetic insect hormones that are employed as insecticides to regulate the populations of harmful insect pests by interfering with their growth and development processes such as molting. They are less toxic to non-target organisms [125]. For instance, fenoxycarb, methoxyfenozide, pyriproxyfen, and tebufenozide are lethal to E. elaeasa larvae, with more than 55% mortality [44].…”

A look at photodynamic inactivation as a tool for pests and vector-borne diseases control

“…The control of pests and vector-borne diseases (VDBs) are still a great challenge for the sanitary committees, economic sector and scientific community Worldwide [1,2]. Pests cause decrease in the plant density, stunted growth of plant, a lower production capacity, and lessen the yield or nature of horticultural products [3] resulting in up to 40% of global crop production loss and a cost on the global economy around $220 billion [4]. On the other hand, VBDs are infections * Authors to whom any correspondence should be addressed.…”