Modern Status and Perspectives of Bacillus Bacteria as Probiotics

Identification of Bacillus spp. colonizing the nasal mucosa of healthy adults living in the suburban area using the matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) system

“…are rarely implicated with human infections but they are among the most widespread microorganisms in the environment and are more frequently isolated as contaminants (in soil, water, air or food) [14,23,26]. They have been troublesome to immunocompromised people on account of their environmental presence and resistant endospores or toxins production [10,25,27,32,33] …”

Bacillus subtilis A Potential Probiotic Bacterium to Formulate Functional Feeds for Aquaculture

“…According to the currently adopted definition by FAO/ WHO, probiotics are: "Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host [32]. Since 50 year ago exists a scientific and commercial interest in the use of beneficial bacteria for the prevention and treatment of diseasesgut of humans, farmed animals and most recently aquaculture species [23,27,33,34]. However, the utilization of probiotic to application others than pathogenic bacterial exclusion are now been develop in several areas like; immune system stimulation, vaccine production, bioremediation and functional feed development [15][16][17][18][19]24,35].…”

“…In this sense, B. subtilis spores have the capacity to resist extreme pH conditions, UV irradiation, high temperatures, solvents and long time periods of storage without refrigeration [1] In summary, B. subtilis has a) versatility of growth nutrients utilization, b) high level of enzymes production, c) secretion of antimicrobial compounds, d) spore producer, e) develops in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and f) B. subtilis is Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Figure 1). In this sense, B. subtilis in "theory" could be considered as a perfect multifunctional probiotic bacterium for humans and animals [1,[16][17][18][19]23,24,27,33,38,39].…”

“…The enzymes also degrade organic accumulated debris from shrimp/fish cultures inducing ponds bioremediation and consequently the prevention of viral and bacterial diseases [19][20][21][22]. On the other hand, the antimicrobial activity of Bacillus is greatly determined by their ability to produce antibiotics, principally from peptide origin [23]. There were identified 795 antibiotics from Bacillus species [11].…”

Use of novel specific primers targeted to pheS and tuf gene for species and subspecies identification and differentiation of the Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus licheniformis

“…The Bacillus subtilis group (BSG) contains more than 10 closely related taxa (Dunlap et al, 2015), and have some beneficial effects of BSG members as reported, like the production of enzymes, antibiotics, vitamins and fermented foods, which are commonly applied as animal feeds additives (Sorokulova et al, 2013;Kubo et al, 2011). Many studies have demonstrated that BSG strains have beneficial effects on production performance in domestic *Corresponding author.…”