Modern Small and Microcogeneration Systems—A Review

Wołowicz, Marcin; Kolasiński, Piotr; Badyda, Krzysztof

doi:10.3390/en14030785

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 191 publications

(204 reference statements)

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“…This makes Stirling engines a viable option for cogeneration installations. These engine types can have power outputs of up to several MW, but commonly most Stirling engines have a power output <100 kW (Schneider et al., 2020; Wołowicz et al., 2021). Figure 5b shows a 3‐kW free‐piston Stirling engine designed by Nexergy lab at Seoul National University of Science and Technology.…”

Section: Fuel Heating: Cogeneration and Boilersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technologies for sustainable heat generation in food processing

Großmann

Hinrichs

Weiß

2022

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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The utilization of heat is one of the foundations of modern food processing. At present, boilers that operate on fossil fuels are still dominating the generation of hot water, steam, and hot air in the food industry. In light of sustainability goals and carbon taxes as well as international efforts to reduce the dependence on natural gas, new technologies are needed to lower the greenhouse gas emissions related to thermal processing of foods. This review discusses important technologies that could serve as a replacement for conventional fossil fuel boilers in the future. These technologies are based on electricity, geothermal energy (direct/indirect use), and electricity to hydrogen conversion and include fuel cells, microturbines, engines, electrical boilers, heat pumps, radiation, and use of geothermal energy. The majority of these technologies are already available for implementation at larger scales and emissions are generally lower compared to burning fossil fuels. At present, major obstacles, such as low fossil fuel prices, still exist that prevent the widespread adoption of more sustainable heating technologies. However, the direct transformation of electrical energy and utilization of geothermal energy for heating purposes seem promising and should be more frequently installed in the future, whereas the use of H 2 obtained through electrolysis as a transportable source of energy may also serve as a source of thermal energy where it is useful to generate electricity and heat on the production site or where the availability of electricity is limited.

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Section: Fuel Heating: Cogeneration and Boilersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technologies for sustainable heat generation in food processing

Großmann

Hinrichs

Weiß

2022

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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“…Gas Turbines are widely used in the power industry [20][21][22][23][24]. This is because gas turbines are characterized by relatively high efficiency, low unit investment costs (cost/kW), high power-to-weight ratio and low pollutant emissions [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel-Water Emulsion as an Alternative Fuel for Gas Turbines in the Context of Combustion Process Properties—A Review

2022

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Fuel with the addition of water, forming fuel-water emulsions, is a potential way to reduce the emission of pollutants from gas turbines powered by any liquid fuel. This article analyzes the available work on the combustion of fuel-water emulsions in gas turbines. The literature analysis was preceded by a theoretical introduction on fuel-water emulsion, taking into account the factors influencing its micro- and macroscopic properties. The basic features of the agents used to stabilize the emulsion were also discussed and the process of its combustion was described. The analyzed research differed in terms of the test stands on which the experiments were conducted, the fuel constituting the continuous phase of the emulsion, the amount of water contained in the mixture and the method of producing the emulsion. On the basis of the conducted analysis, conclusions were drawn concerning the influence of feeding a gas turbine with a fuel-water emulsion on the emission of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and exhaust smoke. Conclusions were formulated regarding the influence of the water additive to fuel-on-fuel consumption. In addition, the impact of the presence of water on the conversion of nitrogen contained in the fuel to nitrogen oxides was indicated, and areas requiring further research were presented.

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