Modern pulmonary imaging of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Abstract

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complex and serious cardiopulmonary morbidity in infants who are born preterm. Despite advances in clinical care, BPD remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality, due in large part to the increased survival of extremely preterm infants. There are few strong early prognostic indicators of BPD or its later outcomes, and evidence for the usage and timing of various interventions is minimal. As a result, clinical management is often imprecise. In this review, we highlight cutting-edge methods and findings from recent pulmonary imaging research that have high translational value. Further, we discuss the potential role that various radiological modalities may play in early risk stratification for development of BPD and in guiding treatment strategies of BPD when employed in varying severities and time-points throughout the neonatal disease course.

Identification and immunological characterization of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related molecular subtypes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia based on machine learning

“…BPD is a complicated illness that has a significant genetic component. Some scholars contend that a variety of genetic pathways and mutations might be linked to the predisposition to developing BPD ( Higano et al, 2021 ). Each genetic variation may participate in the development of the illness, and the accumulation of these variants results in the dysregulation of biological processes in the growing lungs of preterm babies ( Jung et al, 2019 ).…”

Hyperinflation and its association with successful transition to home ventilator devices in infants with chronic respiratory failure and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia

“…Air trapping and intrinsic positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) are common in sBPD (14,15), and prior studies have demonstrated links between hyperin ation, intrinsic PEEP and ventilator asynchronies (8, 16, 17). We have observed similar ndings in our clinical practice.…”

Early prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: can noninvasive monitoring methods be essential?

“…Radiological innovations, especially in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and lung ultrasound (LUS), have the potential to provide new quantitative measures of pulmonary function and structure in BPD [101] (Supplemental Table 2).…”

“…Compared to CT and MRI, perinatal LUS lacks a consistent acquisition method and cannot discriminate lung parenchyma, pulmonary vasculature, and lung function in newborns with BPD [101,130]. According to Aldecoa-Bilbao et al [131], VPIs with BPD had substantially higher LUS score at admission, on DOL 7, and DOL 28.…”

“…Plain chest radiography (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) scanning remain the most widely used imaging modalities in BPD [ 100 ]. Radiological innovations, especially in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and lung ultrasound (LUS), have the potential to provide new quantitative measures of pulmonary function and structure in BPD [ 101 ] ( supplementary table S2 ).…”