Modern Protocols for the Use of Vitamin D in Children for Preventive and Therapeutic Purposes

Abstract

The review article examines modern aspects of the preventive and therapeutic use of vitamin D depending on age, health status and the level of vitamin D in the blood. The multifaceted effect of vitamin D in the human body is due to the presence of vitamin D3 receptors (VDR) in most organs and tissues of the body. This confirms the role of vitamin D both in the formation of the skeletal system and in many of its extraosseous effects. The purpose of the work is to summarize literature data and analyze modern protocols for the use of vitamin D in clinical practice. Vitamin D and calcium deficiency are associated with rickets, osteomalacia, and an increased risk of fractures and osteoporosis. Data from many studies indicate the importance of vitamin D supply in the majority of patients with rheumatoid diseases. It has been found that low serum 25(OH)D concentrations occur significantly more often in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Regarding the prophylactic dose of VD, most guidelines recommend a daily intake in the range of 400 to 600 IU/day, with an upper dose limit of vitamin D ranging from 1000 to 4000 IU per day. The importance of vitamin D in pediatric age and understanding of its pleiotropic effect requires the development of an algorithm for vitamin D supplementation in clinical practice in accordance with the updated recommendations of clinical practice guidelines regarding vitamin D and calcium supplements in children.