Modern Possibilities and Principles of Rational Treatment of Influenza and Other Acute Respiratory Infections in Children

Zaplatnikova, A.L.; Burtseva, Elena; Гирина, А.А.; Короид, Н. В.; Garina, E.A.

doi:10.15690/vsp.v13i1.923

Cited by 3 publications

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References 1 publication

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“…Stimulation of alpha 2 -adrenergic receptors leads to contraction of 5 cavernous veins located under the mucous membrane of the middle and inferior nasal turbinates (Corboz et al 2003). It has been proven that the main role in the innervation of the nasal mucosa in an adult is played by alpha 2 -adrenergic receptors, which prevail over alpha 1 -adrenergic receptors (Zaplatnikov et al 2014). The cavernous tissue in the inferior and middle nasal turbinates only starts to develop in infants and is finally formed by the age of three.…”

Section: Anatomical and Physiological Specific Features Of The Nose Structure In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenetic features of acute naphazoline poisoning in children

Karpushkina¹,

Zhdanova²,

Батищева³

et al. 2021

RRP

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Introduction: Acute poisoning by nasal decongestants is an important issue in pediatrics due to physiological and anatomical characteristics of the child’s body and pharmacokinetics of drugs in early childhood. Epidemiology: The number of poisonings by this group of drugs ranged from 4% to 39% during the period from 2000 to 2018. All the studies reported that the most severe degree of intoxication was observed in children aged 1–3 years. Mechanism of action of nasal decongestants: The peculiarity of selective alpha2-adrenergic agonists is that when taken orally, misused or overdosed, they lose their selectivity for the target receptor. As a result, the drug causes acute poisoning and most often this effect occurs in children and adolescents. Clinical features and diagnostic criteria: Clinical signs of acute poisoning can appear both as a result of an overdose of the nasal decongestants and due to a therapeutic use of the drug according to the instruction. The symptoms are manifested by hypothermia, skin pallor, bradycardia, arterial hypotension, profuse sweating, and acrocyanosis. Imidazoline receptors and new opportunities: It is assumed that toxic effect of topical decongestants occurs not only by activation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors, but also through their influence on the selective imidazoline receptors. Based on the structure of these drugs, it is assumed that imidazoline receptors are the primary binding site for these drugs. Conclusion: Understanding the described mechanisms of alpha2-adrenergic agonist action and peculiarities of the child’s symptoms in acute poisoning is necessary for the timely diagnosis and selection of the correct treatment strategy.

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Section: Anatomical and Physiological Specific Features Of The Nose Structure In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenetic features of acute naphazoline poisoning in children

Karpushkina¹,

Zhdanova²,

Батищева³

et al. 2021

RRP

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Chronic Epstein-Barr viral infection in children: a clinical case

2021

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The urgency of Epstein-Barr virus infection is explained by wide circulation of Epstein-Barr virus among children and adults, its tropism to immunocompetent cells with lifelong persistence after primary infection and polymorphism of clinical manifestations from subclinical forms, infectious mononucleosis to formation of oncological, autoimmune hematological diseases.Persistence of Epstein - Barr virus Leads to suppression of cellular immunity, decreased production of interferons and nonspecific protection factors, which contributes to reactivation of persistent infection, most often without mononucleosis-like syndrome, and the appearance of atypical mononuclears in blood with the formation of lymphoproliferative, intoxication, astheno-vegetative syndrome, long-term subfebrile condition, which dictates the need for immunocorrective therapy. This article presents a clinical case describing and analyzing the course of a chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection in a preschool child (5 years 8 months) with a pre-morbid background. Episodes of reactivation of chronic persistent infection occurred under the mask of acute respiratory infection with lymphoproliferative syndrome, purulent tonsillitis, purulent adenoiditis. Therapy, including antibiotics, short-course antiviral agents, bacterial lysates, and physiotherapy, had a temporary and short-lived effect. meglumine acridonacetate. The described clinical case demonstrates the effectiveness of the inclusion of meglumine acridonacetate, which has antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, in the complex treatment of Epstein-Barr virus infection, This allowed to obtain fairly rapid positive clinical dynamics of relieving intoxication and febrile and lymphoproliferative syndromes in the acute period, and subsequently - astheno-vegetative syndrome and achieve the transition of active chronic Epstein - Barr virus infection into a latent form.

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Interferon inductors: clinical efficacy and regulation of inflammatory responses in paediatric respiratory infections

et al. 2023

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Introduction. The study of the set of mechanisms of inflammation regulation plays an important role in shaping understanding of the local and general protective and adaptive processes in paediatric respiratory infections. The cytokine system is taken as universal, pleiotropic regulators of the cascade of inflammatory, immune and metabolic processes. Nowadays, the drugs with the potential for effecting the course of cytokine reactions are of great interest.Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of the impact of low molecular weight interferon inducers with a wide range of biological activity on the severity of clinical symptoms and the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines of peripheral blood in paediatric respiratory infections.Materials and methods. 98 children with ARVI aged 4 to 11 years were examined, of which 57 children received meglumine acridone acetate as etiotropic antiviral therapy at recommended age-related doses and were included in the treatment group. 41 children receiving only symptomatic treatment were included in the comparison group.Results and discussions. Clinically, the use of meglumine acridone acetate resulted in decreased duration of the major symptoms of acute viral respiratory infections among children, reduced risk of complications, and decreased inflammatory manifestations. It was shown that the minimum levels of interleukin-1, -4 and -8 were typical for healthy children, which confirmed the activation of cytokine reactions only in the process of development of pathological symptoms from various organs and systems. An increase in all the studied cytokine levels was observed in ARVI, while the dominance in growth of pro-inflammatory cytokines with underlying slightly increased level of anti-inflammatory interleukin-4 was observed in severe general toxic syndrome and catarrhal signs. In similar cases, a balanced decrease in the levels of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines and a relatively rapid regression of clinical symptoms was noted during the meglumine acridone acetate therapy.Conclusions. The use of meglumine acridone acetate contributes to the rapid relief of the major clinical symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections, and shortens the duration of the disease. The nature of cytokine reactions can serve as a marker of an unfavourable course of ARVI. The prescription of low-molecular interferon inducers balances an increase in the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines of peripheral blood.

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Modern Possibilities and Principles of Rational Treatment of Influenza and Other Acute Respiratory Infections in Children

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Pathogenetic features of acute naphazoline poisoning in children

Pathogenetic features of acute naphazoline poisoning in children

Chronic Epstein-Barr viral infection in children: a clinical case

Interferon inductors: clinical efficacy and regulation of inflammatory responses in paediatric respiratory infections

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