Modern Porous Coatings in Orthopaedic Applications

Frank, Rachel M.; Fabi, David; Levine, Brett R.

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2592-8_3

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…The Tritanium structure on the Trident I cup was obtained depositing commercially pure titanium (CPTi) powder on a sacrificial porous polyurethane scaffold via physical vapor deposition; the structure was subsequently sintered at high temperature on the cup, removing the polyurethane. Several steps of powder recoating and sintering provided the final product (Frank et al, ; Muth, Poggie, Kulesha, & Michael Meneghini, ). All the implants, both 3D printed and conventional, are subjected to a final machining stage to obtain the appropriate cup‐liner interface to accommodate the liner component.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of structural cavities in 3D printed acetabular cups for total hip arthroplasty

et al. 2019

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The use of three-dimensional (3D) printing to manufacture off-the-shelf titanium acetabular cups for hip arthroplasty has increased; however, the impact of this manufacturing technology is yet not fully understood. Although several studies have described the presence of structural cavities in 3D printed parts, there has been no analysis of full postproduction acetabular components. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 3D printing on the material structure of acetabular implants, first comparing different designs of 3D printed cups, second comparing 3D printed with conventionally manufactured cups. Two of the 3D printed cups were produced using electron beam melting (EBM), one using laser rapid manufacturing (LRM). The investigation was performed using X-ray microcomputed tomography, imaging both the entire cups and samples sectioned from different regions of each cup. All 3D printed cups showed evidence of structural cavities; these were uniformly distributed in the volume of the samples and exhibited a prevalent spherical shape. The LRMmanufactured cup had significantly higher cavity density (p = .0286), with a median of 21 cavities/mm 3 compared to 3.5 cavities/mm 3 for EBM cups. However, the cavity size was similar, with a median of 20 μm (p = .7385). The conventional cups showed a complete absence of distinguishable cavities. The presence of cavities is a known limitation of the 3D printing technology; however, it is noteworthy that we found them in orthopedic implants used in patients. Although this may impact their mechanical properties, to date, 3D printed cups have not been reported to encounter such failures. K E Y W O R D S3D printing, acetabular cups, additive manufacturing, orthopedic implants, structural cavities

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of structural cavities in 3D printed acetabular cups for total hip arthroplasty

et al. 2019

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“…However, many successful applications have previously been shown with case studies dealing with orthopedic and dental coatings. 39,40 This study showed that using cheap and easy to prepare heterogeneous polymers, we can create cell selective surface coatings that are able to induce appropriate cell-surface interactions. These surfaces can be used as implant coating materials that can increase success of implant osseointegration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The main challenge in surface modification for implants comes when the surface is exposed to human body environment. However, many successful applications have previously been shown with case studies dealing with orthopedic and dental coatings …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoselection supported by phase separated polymer blend films

Gulsuner

Gengec

Kılınç

et al. 2014

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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The instability of implants after placement inside the body is one of the main obstacles to clinically succeed in periodontal and orthopedic applications. Adherence of fibroblasts instead of osteoblasts to implant surfaces usually results in formation of scar tissue and loss of the implant. Thus, selective bioadhesivity of osteoblasts is a desired characteristic for implant materials. In this study, we developed osteoselective and biofriendly polymeric thin films fabricated with a simple phase separation method using either homopolymers or various blends of homopolymers and copolymers. As adhesive and proliferative features of cells are highly dependent on the physicochemical properties of the surfaces, substrates with distinct chemical heterogeneity, wettability, and surface topography were developed and assessed for their osteoselective characteristics. Surface characterizations of the fabricated polymer thin films were performed with optical microscopy and SEM, their wettabilities were determined by contact angle measurements, and their surface roughness was measured by profilometry. Long-term adhesion behaviors of cells to polymer thin films were determined by F-actin staining of Saos-2 osteoblasts, and human gingival fibroblasts, HGFs, and their morphologies were observed by SEM imaging. The biocompatibility of the surfaces was also examined through cell viability assay. Our results showed that heterogeneous polypropylene polyethylene/polystyrene surfaces can govern Saos-2 and HGF attachment and organization. Selective adhesion of Saos-2 osteoblasts and inhibited adhesion of HGF cells were achieved on micro-structured and hydrophobic surfaces. This work paves the way for better control of cellular behaviors for adjustment of cell material interactions.

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“…3D printing creates implants with highly porous structures for enhanced fixation, matching bone characteristics such as pore size, coefficient of friction and modulus of elasticity to avoid stress shielding. Porosity and properties similar to cancellous bone may enable bone-implant interactions that lead to primary stability, bone ingrowth and osseointegration [22].…”

Section: Off-the-shelfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The component is then finished using wet or coarse blasting on the external surface to obtain roughened areas, and post-processing the internal surface to obtain the required dimensional tolerances and minimal friction for an optimal seating of the liner [27]. The backside coating is applied at a later step using different methods such as solid state processing (powder metallurgy, sintering of powders and fibres), vapour deposition or plasma spray [22,[33][34][35].…”

Section: Manufacturing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Acetabular Cups for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Review Article

Dall’Ava

Hothi

Laura

et al. 2019

Metals

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Three-dimensional (3D) printed titanium orthopaedic implants have recently revolutionized the treatment of massive bone defects in the pelvis, and we are on the verge of a change from conventional to 3D printed manufacture for the mass production of millions of off-the-shelf (non-personalized) implants. The process of 3D printing has many adjustable variables, which taken together with the possible variation in designs that can be printed, has created even more possible variables in the final product that must be understood if we are to predict the performance and safety of 3D printed implants. We critically reviewed the clinical use of 3D printing in orthopaedics, focusing on cementless acetabular components used in total hip arthroplasty. We defined the clinical and engineering rationale of 3D printed acetabular cups, summarized the key variables involved in the manufacturing process that influence the properties of the final parts, together with the main limitations of this technology, and created a classification according to end-use application to help explain the controversial and topical issues. Whilst early clinical outcomes related to 3D printed cups have been promising, in-depth robust investigations are needed, partly because regulatory approval systems have not fully adapted to the change in technology. Analysis of both pristine and retrieved cups, together with long-term clinical outcomes, will help the transition to 3D printing to be managed safely.

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Modern Porous Coatings in Orthopaedic Applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 138 publications

Evidence of structural cavities in 3D printed acetabular cups for total hip arthroplasty

Evidence of structural cavities in 3D printed acetabular cups for total hip arthroplasty

Osteoselection supported by phase separated polymer blend films

3D Printed Acetabular Cups for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Review Article

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