Modern Methods of Regional Anesthesia of the Perioperative Period in Children in Abdominal Surgery. A Review

Abstract

³ííèöüêèé Íàö³îíàëüíèé Ìåäè÷íèé Óí³âåðñèòåò ³ì. Ì.². Ïèðîãîâà Êàôåäðà àíåñòåç³îëî㳿, ²Ò òà ìåäèöèíè íåâ³äêëàäíèõ ñòàí³â Ðåçþìå: Ïåð³îïåðàö³éíå çíåáîëåííÿ â àáäîì³íàëüí³é õ³ðóð㳿 íà äàíèé º ÷àñ àêòóàëüíîþ ïðîáëåìîþ â àíåñòåç³îëîã³÷í³é ïðàêòèö³. Çà äàíèìè ë³òåðàòóðè äëÿ çíåáîëåííÿ â ïåð³îïåðàö³éíîìó ïåð³îä³ âèêîðèñòîâóþòü ðåã³îíàëüí³ ìåòîäè çíåáîëåííÿ. Àíàëãåòè÷íó åôåêòèâíiñòü áëîêàä ïåðåäíüî¿ ÷åðåâíî¿ ñòiíêè â ïåä³àòðè÷í³é ïðàêòèö³ âèâ÷åíî íåäîñòàòíüî. Ìàòåð³àëè òà ìåòîäè: áóëè âèêîðèñòàí³ ñòàòò³ àíãë³éñüêîþ òà óêðà¿íñüêîþ ìîâàìè çà ïåð³îä ç 1996 ïî 2018 ð³ê, ÿê³ âõîäÿòü â íàóêî ìåòðè÷í³ áàçè ïîøóêó PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, GoogleScholar. Îáãîâîðåííÿ: â äàí³é ñòàòò³ íàâåäåí³ ï³äñóìêè âèêîðèñòàííÿ îñíîâíèõ ìåòîä³â ðåã³îíàëüíî¿ àíàëãå糿, ÿê³ çàñòîñîâóþòü â õ³ðóð㳿. Âñå á³ëüøå äàíèõ îòðèìàíèõ ç äîñë³äaeåíü íà äîðîñëèõ ïàö³ºíòàõ ñâ³ä÷àòü ïðî òå, ùî áëîêàäà êâàäðàòíîãî ì'ÿçà ïîïåðåêó (QLB) º åôåêòèâíèì ìåòîäîì çíåáîëåííÿ â àáäîì³íàëüí³é õ³ðóð㳿. Ñë³ä çàçíà÷èòè, ùî â ë³òåðàòóð³ íàÿâíà íåçíà÷íà ê³ëüê³ñòü êë³í³÷íèõ çàñòîñóâàíü QLB áëîêó ó ïåä³àòðè÷í³é ïðàêòèö³. Òîìó íåîáõ³äíî ïðîâîäèòè ïîäàëüøå âèâ÷åííÿ åôåêòèâíîñò³, áåçïåêè, òà âäîñêîíàëþâàòè ìåòîäèêó âèêîíàííÿ QLB áëîêó, îñîáëèâî ó äèòÿ÷³é ïðàêòèö³. Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ðåã³îíàëüíà àíåñòåç³ÿ, áëîêàäà êâàäðàòíîãî ì'ÿçà ïîïåðåêó , áëîêàäà ïîïåðå÷íîãî ì'ÿçà aeèâîòà, ïåð³îïåðàö³éíå çíåáîëåííÿ. ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ ZALETSKYI B.V., DMYTRIIEV D.V. Summary: Perioperative anesthesia in abdominal surgery at present is a main problem in anesthesiologist practice. According to the literature regional methods of anesthesia are used for anesthesia in the perioperative period. The analgetic effectiveness of the QLB in pediatric practice is not sufficiently studied. Materials and methods: There were articles in English and Ukrainian languages for the period from 1996 to 2018, which are part of the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar research databases. Discussion: This article presents the results of the using of basic methods of regional analgesia that are used in surgery. More and more data from studies in adult patients indicate that QLB is an effective method of analgesia in abdominal surgery. It should be noted that in the literature there is a small amount of clinical applications of the QLB block in pediatric practice. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further study of efficiency, safety, and improve the methodology for implementing the QLB unit, especially in pediatric practice.