Modern hydrology and late Holocene history of Lake Karakul, eastern Pamirs (Tajikistan): A reconnaissance study

Mischke, Steffen; Rajabov, Ilhomjon; Mustaeva, Nailya; Zhang, Chengjun; Herzschuh, Ulrike; Boomer, Ian; Brown, E. T.; Andersen, Nils; Myrbo, Amy; Ito, Emi; Schudack, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.02.004

Cited by 80 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This may be linked to the greater age of the unit, whereby prolonged weathering has led to leaching of soluble K − (Sidhu et al 1977). However, K vs. Ti trends in DMO-4 and DMO-7 could also be influenced by increased input of wash-borne sediments from differentially weathered adjacent slope soils depleted in K. Enhanced weathering of K-bearing silicates has been used to explain similar K/ Ti trends in lake sediments (Mischke et al 2010) and alluvium (Muhs et al 2001). Elevated Br counts at depth in DMO-4 provide further evidence to support this hypothesis.…”

Section: Role Of Xrf Data For Floodplain Partitioningmentioning

confidence: 80%

Micro-XRF Applications in Fluvial Sedimentary Environments of Britain and Ireland: Progress and Prospects

Turner

Jones

Brewer³

et al. 2015

Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores

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This chapter considers applications of micro-XRF in fluvial depositional environments and presents case-studies from Britain and Ireland in three key river management areas: flood reconstruction; pollution and provenance mapping; and floodplain sediment dynamics. Although fluvial sediment archives are typically shorter and more fragmented than marine and lake sediment records, they do offer significant palaeoenvironmental potential, not least because of the sensitivity of river systems to environmental change. A major consideration in micro-XRF analysis, however, is the continuity and heterogeneity of alluvial sediments and the integrity of accretionary records once they have been subjected to post-depositional processes, such as human disturbance and pedogenesis. Thus far, micro-XRF applications in fluvial environments have been limited. One research area currently being developed is the field of flood reconstruciton, where elements and, in particular, element ratios (e.g. Zr/Rb, Zr/Ti) can be used as particle size proxies. Micro-XRF core scanning technologies allow for analysis at the event-scale, which hitherto has been unachievable in silt and clay sediments. The potential to build and signifcantly enhance our understanding of longer term flooding patterns and non-stationarity, offers considerable scope for augmenting instrumental records and providing new perspectives for contemporary river management. Rapid geochemical assessment of fluvial sedimentary deposits can also be used to support floodplain reconstruction studies and pollution investigations, but greater scope will emerge from the calibration of raw XRF cout data to elemental concentrations. In this paper we demonstrate the potential for using micro-XRF data in sediment provenance investigation, but improvements in error quantification and propagation need to be explored. Given that river alluvium plays an integral role in the cycling and storage of contaminants, further applications in this field would be hugely beneficial for river managers. Although sediment heterogeneity places significant challenges to the quantification of micro-ZRF core scanner results, there has been little attempt to establish what these limitation mean in practical terms

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Section: Role Of Xrf Data For Floodplain Partitioningmentioning

confidence: 80%

Micro-XRF Applications in Fluvial Sedimentary Environments of Britain and Ireland: Progress and Prospects

Turner

Jones

Brewer³

et al. 2015

Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores

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“…This makes it difficult to carry out a representative assessment of their hydrological behaviour based on a single catchment. The Pamirs are mainly influenced by two atmospheric circulation systems -dominant Westerlies in the western part and Westerlies in combination with the northward ISM or in combination with northern intrusions in the eastern part (Aizen et al, 2009;Palazzi et al, 2013;Syed et al, 2006;Fuchs et al, 2013;Mischke et al, 2010). There is no full consensus about the moisture source in the very arid eastern part.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its various tributaries originate in the high mountains and experience wide-ranging climatic, topographic, and tectonic settings (Fuchs et al, 2013(Fuchs et al, , 2014b. The Pamirs are located in the transition zone between the Westerlies in the west (in the winter half-year) and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) in the south (in the summer half-year) (Fuchs et al, 2013;Aizen et al, 2009;Syed et al, 2006;Palazzi et al, 2013;Mischke et al, 2010). This unique setting make the Pamirs an outstanding natural laboratory to study aspects of climate variability, hydrologic response, and governed Earth surface processes under different climatic influences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity analysis and implications for surface processes from a hydrological modelling approach in the Gunt catchment, high Pamir Mountains

et al. 2015

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Abstract.A clear understanding of the hydrology is required to capture surface processes and potential inherent hazards in orogens. Complex climatic interactions control hydrological processes in high mountains that in their turn regulate the erosive forces shaping the relief. To unravel the hydrological cycle of a glaciated watershed (Gunt River) considered representative of the Pamir Mountains' hydrologic regime, we developed a remotesensing-based approach. At the boundary between two distinct climatic zones dominated by the Westerlies and Indian summer monsoon, the Pamir Mountains are poorly instrumented and only a few in situ meteorological and hydrological data are available. We adapted a suitable conceptual distributed hydrological model (J2000g). Interpolations of the few available in situ data are inadequate due to strong, relief-induced, spatial heterogeneities. Instead of these we use raster data, preferably from remote sensing sources depending on availability and validation. We evaluate remote-sensing-based precipitation and temperature products. MODIS MOD11 surface temperatures show good agreement with in situ data, perform better than other products, and represent a good proxy for air temperatures. For precipitation we tested remote sensing products as well as the HAR10 climate model data and the interpolation-based APHRODITE data set. All products show substantial differences both in intensity and seasonal distribution with in situ data. Despite low resolutions, the data sets are able to sustain high model efficiencies (NSE ≥ 0.85). In contrast to neighbouring regions in the Himalayas or the Hindu Kush, discharge is dominantly the product of snow and glacier melt, and thus temperature is the essential controlling factor. Eighty percent of annual precipitation is provided as snow in winter and spring contrasting peak discharges during summer. Hence, precipitation and discharge are negatively correlated and display complex hysteresis effects that allow for the effect of interannual climatic variability on river flow to be inferred. We infer the existence of two subsurface reservoirs. The groundwater reservoir (providing 40 % of annual discharge) recharges in spring and summer and releases slowly during autumn and winter, when it provides the only source for river discharge. A not fully constrained shallow reservoir with very rapid retention times buffers meltwaters during spring and summer. The negative glacier mass balance (−0.6 m w.e. yr −1 ) indicates glacier retreat, which will ultimately affect the currently 30 % contribution of glacier melt to annual stream flow. The spatiotemporal dependence of water release from snow and ice during the annual cycle likewise implies spatiotemporally restricted surface processes, which are essentially confined to glaciated catchments in late summer, when glacier runoff is the only source of surface runoff. Only this precise constraint of the hydrologic cycle in this complex region allows for unravelling of the surface processes and natural hazards such as floo...

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“…However, the number of these records is low in comparison to the large region, and even less satisfactory given that a large number of these publications focus on the distribution of fossil ostracods without providing ecological information. This substantial scarcity of information clearly confounds the potential of ostracods in serving as sensitive indicators of recent environmental change, providing baseline information for the 'natural', pristine state of water bodies, and as tracers of environmental and climatic change on longer time scales, e.g., the Holocene (Holmes 2001;Frenzel and Boomer 2005;Mischke et al 2010b). Studies of ostracod distribution and ecology are certainly required to improve this situation, especially considering the many large lakes in the most continental region of Central Asia that are already affected by human impact and additionally threatened by recent environmental change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ostracod distribution in Ulungur Lake (Xinjiang, China) and a reassessed Holocene record

Mischke

Zhang

2010

Ecological Research

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Ostracod shells in surface sediments from Ulungur Lake (Xinjiang, China) belong mainly to Limnocythere inopinata as the dominant species, and Candona neglecta and Darwinula stevensoni as accompanying, less abundant taxa. Shells of an additional nine species were recorded only sporadically. The three most abundant ostracods have wide tolerance ranges in terms of salinity, substrate and water depth. The similarly recorded bivalve Pisidium subtruncatum, and the gastropods Gyraulus chinensis and Radix auricularia belong to the most tolerant representatives of the genera. The bivalve and gastropods, in addition to the ostracod assemblage, reflect the fact that Ulungur Lake has experienced strong lake level and salinity variations due to water withdrawal in the catchment and the counteracting diversion of river waters to the lake in recent decades. The substrate in Ulungur Lake is typically finegrained, apart from the delta region of the Ulungur River channel, which is marked by relatively coarsegrained detrital sediments barren of ostracod shells. This channel was created 40 years ago to divert water to Ulungur Lake and support its local fisheries and recreational facilities. A reassessed Holocene ostracod record from the lake shows that a significantly higher salinity and lower lake level existed in the early Holocene before 6.0 ka in response to the regional climate. In contrast, a higher lake level and lowest salinity is inferred for the late Holocene period between ca. 3.6 and 1.3 ka before present. Afterwards, the lake level declined and salinity increased in response to regional moisture reduction, although conditions similar to the early Holocene lake status were not re-established. Our surface-sedimentderived data provide a baseline for analysis of future environmental variations due to global climate change and regional water management.

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Modern hydrology and late Holocene history of Lake Karakul, eastern Pamirs (Tajikistan): A reconnaissance study

Cited by 80 publications

References 45 publications

Micro-XRF Applications in Fluvial Sedimentary Environments of Britain and Ireland: Progress and Prospects

Micro-XRF Applications in Fluvial Sedimentary Environments of Britain and Ireland: Progress and Prospects

Sensitivity analysis and implications for surface processes from a hydrological modelling approach in the Gunt catchment, high Pamir Mountains

Ostracod distribution in Ulungur Lake (Xinjiang, China) and a reassessed Holocene record

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