“Modern” farming and the transformation of livelihoods in rural Tanzania

Snyder, Katherine A.; Sulle, Emmanuel; Massay, Deodatus Amadeus; Petro, Anselmi; Qamara, Paschal; Brockington, Dan

doi:10.1007/s10460-019-09967-6

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…To ensure that the marijuana business is not taken over by already established farmers, licit commercial marijuana growing licences should be awarded to communities where marijuana is historically grown and other economically disadvantaged settings for a period of time until they are equipped enough to compete with already established farmers. Moreover, small-scale farmers should be empowered through training on modern methods of marijuana farming, and they should be supplied with the needed on-farm infrastructure to boost their capacity as modern farming methods have been found to transform livelihoods in rural African communities [ 74 ]. Also, when the sector is opened up to the general public, the quantity of marijuana to be cultivated by already established commercial farmers need to be capped to ensure that they do not push small-scale farmers out of business.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives of illicit marijuana growers and traders on commercial legalisation of marijuana in South Africa: considerations for policy formulation

Manu

Douglas

Ntsaba

et al. 2021

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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Background Over the years, there has been a clarion call for legalising marijuana cultivation and trading for commercial purposes in South Africa. Proponents of the call argue that the criminalisation of commercial marijuana cultivation and trading has failed to halt illicit marijuana cultivation and trading. However, the views of those who economically benefit from the illicit marijuana trade on its legalisation remain empirically unsolicited. Objective This study aimed to solicit the views of illegal marijuana growers and traders from two selected communities in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa regarding the commercial legalisation of marijuana cultivation and trading to inform policy on the debate. Methods In-depth key informant interview approach was used to interview 18 purposively sampled participants that were selected through the snowball sampling technique. The data were analysed using the thematic content analysis approach. Results Participants had both positive and negative perceptions of the possible legalisation of marijuana cultivation and trading. On the positive side, participants indicated freedom from police, the opportunity to grow marijuana on a larger scale, capital acquisition for commercial marijuana cultivation and trading, and regulation of marijuana prices through unionisation as some of the benefits they would derive from the commercial legalisation of marijuana cultivation and trading. On the negative side, loss of their source of livelihood, fall in the price of marijuana and perceived increase in school drop-out rates were the concerns raised. Conclusion While participants relished improvement in their economic fortunes upon commercial legalisation of marijuana cultivation and trading, they were also apprehensive about this policy due to the perceived consequences it may have on their livelihoods and communities. We, therefore, recommend that future discussions of the commercial legalisation of marijuana cultivation and trading in South Africa should be done in consultation with illicit marijuana growers and traders to ensure that their interests are safeguarded by such a policy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives of illicit marijuana growers and traders on commercial legalisation of marijuana in South Africa: considerations for policy formulation

Manu

Douglas

Ntsaba

et al. 2021

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…They pursue, at reduced scale, the accumulation strategies set in place by their more fortunate forebears, who are now the national elite (Diamond 1987, 583). People with even small amounts of capital, often earned through salaried work, aim to buy land in rural areas and build housing in urban ones, from which they can earn rental income (Snyder et al 2020, 5). Of the majority of Tanzanians who are smallholder farmers, an increasing proportion are laborers who also farm on land they have rented from others (Greco 2015).…”

Section: Development Through Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The work of class: Cash transfers and community development in Tanzania

Green

2021

Economic Anthropology

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This article uses the concept of convenience as an analytical prompt to investigate how ideas about work organize a cash‐based social assistance program financed through foreign aid. Productive Social Safety Nets (PSSN) is a nationwide program providing small regular payments to very poor households in Tanzania. Cash transfers as components of social assistance not predicated on working confront assumptions many Tanzanians share about the importance of work as foundational to self‐reliance as the bedrock of personal and national development. The program uses existing architectures of community development to creatively combine Tanzanian values around poor people's responsibility for their own development with World Bank conceptualizations of social assistance as a productive investment. Ethnographic research at the interface between program implementors and beneficiaries provides insights into the attitudes many Tanzanians hold about development and their place in it and sheds light on the ambivalent feelings of insecure middle classes about changing forms of state‐managed social assistance. Implementation involves an intricate orchestration of prescriptive ideals about labor, entitlement, and value organized around labor‐intensive bureaucratic procedures, public works, and community sensitization sessions. Labor making and making visible different kinds of work characterize program implementation. Prevailing attitudes toward social assistance, and the class relations through which they are realized, are perpetuated through ostensibly novel programs.

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“…For instance, the androcentric practices of natural resource management among global societies are taken for granted (doxic) practical values that receive little questioning from either men as dominant or women as dominated [28]. Similarly, the traditional arrangements of most rural societies in the global south grant powers to men as the owners of immovable natural resources and, hence, as owners, decision-makers, and the rightful owners of land [29,32]. Concrete and symbolic violence are both active mechanisms of social life tied to the order of domination and destruction [33].…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the relevant literature, land is an asset that can raise women's economic well-being in the form of money or income earned from the lease or sale of land [3,32,38] and, thus, reduce their poverty [39]. Some daughters and women in the study villages have realized the opportunities presented by land and, therefore, claim their share of land from their fathers.…”

Section: Land Transactions For the Surge In Tree Planting Have Perpetuated The Disadvantaging Of Women In Respect Of Land Ownershipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Inequality and Symbolic Violence in Women’s Access to Family Land in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania

Lusasi

Mwaseba

2020

Land

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We set out to unveil gender inequality with respect to women’s access to family land following the surge in tree-planting in selected villages in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Specifically, the study describes land-transaction procedures at the household level and shows how the lack of women’s involvement in such land transactions affect their access to and control over family lands. Gender inequality is portrayed in a variety of social and economic activities, with women being deprived of access to, control over, and ownership of land. Although the current land laws address gender inequalities pertaining to women’s access to, ownership of, and control over land, the impact of such reforms has been minimal. Drawing on Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic violence, we reveal how women suffer symbolic violence through traditional practices of land management and administration. Societies in the studied villages are strongly patriarchal, with men being dominant and women subordinate. In such a patriarchal system, women’s empowerment is urgent. Women require knowledge and awareness of the laws and regulations that affirm their rights not only to family lands, but also to participation in decision-making processes regarding family assets. We recommend non-oppressive approaches to natural-resource management. As such, we call for existing authorities at the village and district levels, Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and legal bodies to promote gender equality in land-management practices. We also advocate dialectical communication between women and men in order to reveal and heal practices of symbolic violence, and enhance gender equality in respect of access to land and its control and ownership in villages in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Effective implementation of existing land laws and regulations that address gender inequality and associated violence is unavoidable.

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“Modern” farming and the transformation of livelihoods in rural Tanzania

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Perspectives of illicit marijuana growers and traders on commercial legalisation of marijuana in South Africa: considerations for policy formulation

Perspectives of illicit marijuana growers and traders on commercial legalisation of marijuana in South Africa: considerations for policy formulation

The work of class: Cash transfers and community development in Tanzania

Gender Inequality and Symbolic Violence in Women’s Access to Family Land in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania

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