Modern concepts and biomarkers of blood stasis in cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases from the perspectives of Eastern and Western medicine: a scoping review protocol

Abstract

The objective of this review is to provide a modern definition and identify potential biomarkers of blood stasis in cardio-and cerebrovascular diseases by mapping, comparing, and combining Eastern and Western concepts.Introduction: Blood stasis is a pathological concept found in both Eastern and Western medical literature. In traditional East Asian medicine, blood stasis is a differential syndrome characterized by stagnant blood flow in various parts of the body. Similarly, in Western medicine, various diseases, especially cardio-and cerebrovascular diseases, are known to be accompanied by blood stasis. Numerous scientific studies on blood stasis have been conducted over the last decade, and there is a need to synthesize those results.Inclusion criteria: We will use the keywords "blood stasis," "blood stagnation," "blood stagnant," and "blood congestion" in 3 electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar. In addition, we will use the keywords "어혈" and "혈어" in 4 Korean electronic databases (ie, NDSL, OASIS, KISS, and DBpia). Peer-reviewed articles published from 2010 to the present that focus on blood stasis in cardio-and cerebrovascular diseases in human subjects according to the International Classification of Diseases 11 th revision categories BA00-BE2Z, 8B00-8B2Z, 8E64, and 8E65 will be included. Reviews, opinion articles, in vivo, in vitro, and in silico preclinical studies will be excluded. Methods:We will follow the frameworks by Arksey and O'Malley and Levac et al. as well as JBI guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews. Two reviewers will independently search and screen titles and abstracts followed by full-text screening of eligible studies. If there are discrepancies between the 2 reviewers, a third reviewer will be consulted to make the final decision. We will use descriptive narrative, tabular, and graphical displays, and content analysis to present the results.Scoping review registration: Open Science Framework https://osf.io/gv4ym

Exploring global research trends in Chinese medicine for atherosclerosis: a bibliometric study 2012–2023

“…In line with the established theoretical framework of Chinese medicine, the pathological condition known as “blood stasis evidence” fundamentally manifests through impaired blood circulation, blood coagulation, and subsequent solidification culminating in the creation of blood stasis. This condition presents with specific clinical features, such as dark complexion, scaly and dry skin, cyanotic lips and nails, a purple or dark tongue, purple spots, tingling fixed in a certain area, and petechiae ( 47 , 84 , 85 ).…”