Modern compact accelerators of cyclotron type for medical applications

Перспективные Технологии Для Прикладных Резонансных Ускорителей Заряженных Частиц И Примеры Их Использования (Обзор)

“…Однако подобные циклотроны могут работать только в импульсном режиме небольшой скважности (до 1 kHz) из-за необходимости подстройки частоты в процессе ускорения для соблюдения резонансных условий, обусловленной слабыми магнитными полями катушек. Максимально полученный средний ток в таких циклотронах достигает 100 nA [152].…”

Optimization of two opposing neutron beams parameters in dynamical (B/Gd) neutron cancer therapy

“…A standard technique conventionally used for boosting the ballistic index in stationary NCT is to irradiate the tumor several times with beams coming from different directions via rotating gantries (Smirnov andVorozhtsov 2016, Yoshida et al 1976), or via rotating the patient himself. Nowadays, we already have operating compact superconducting medical cyclotrons that may rotate around the patient like e.g.…”

“…Otherwise, if ῆ(ω) and ᾶ(ω) are not conflicting, then the problem may accept Pareto optimal, see e.g. (M'silti and Tolla 1993, Miettinen 1998, solutions pending to satisfaction of the inequality constrains (2). Demonstrating that this what actually happens, is the purpose of this note.…”

Compact Rare-Earth Superconducting Cyclotron

“…In recent years several superconducting cyclotrons extracting protons with kinetic energies up to E k = 250 MeV have been developed with the aim of making proton therapy systems more compact and affordable [5][6][7][8]; this justification for using superconductivity in particle therapy has been established in a number of reviews [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Indeed, the highest dipole field obtained in a particle accelerator of any type today is the 9 T achieved in the Mevion medical synchrocyclotron [15], of which there are several commercial examples. Superconducting cyclotrons have also been developed for lower extraction energies -particularly for isotope production [16] -and for ion therapy [17][18][19][20].…”

“…At moderate to high energies the challenge remains of how to simultaneously obtain both a high average field B -which allows the overall mass and volume of the cyclotron to reduce (roughly as 1/B 3 ) -whilst also creating a suitable field profile and focusing to give isochronous behaviour and thereby to allow for the highest proton intensities [11,15]. This is the subject of the present paper, in which we discuss a novel method of creating an isochronous, high-field cyclotron based on a rare-earth 'flying pole'; we study an example isochronous 70 MeV design that utilises a 4.52 T central field.…”