Modern Chemical Routes for the Controlled Synthesis of Anisotropic Bimetallic Nanostructures and Their Application in Catalysis

Abstract

Bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) have attracted greater attention compared to its monometallic counterpart because of their chemical/physical properties. The BNPs have a wide range of applications in the fields of health, energy, water, and environment. These properties could be tuned with a number of parameters such as compositions of the bimetallic systems, their preparation method, and morphology. Monodisperse and anisotropic BNPs have gained considerable interest and numerous efforts have been made for the controlled synthesis of bimetallic nanostructures (BNS) of different sizes and shapes. This review offers a brief summary of the various synthetic routes adopted for the synthesis of Palladium(Pd), Platinum(Pt), Nickel(Ni), Gold(Au), Silver(Ag), Iron(Fe), Cobalt(Co), Rhodium(Rh), and Copper(Cu) based transition metal bimetallic anisotropic nanostructures, growth mechanisms e.g., seed mediated co-reduction, hydrothermal, galvanic replacement reactions, and antigalvanic reaction, and their application in the field of catalysis. The effect of surfactant, reducing agent, metal precursors ratio, pH, and reaction temperature for the synthesis of anisotropic nanostructures has been explained with examples. This review further discusses how slight modifications in one of the parameters could alter the growth mechanism, resulting in different anisotropic nanostructures which highly influence the catalytic activity. The progress or modification implied in the synthesis techniques within recent years is focused on in this article. Furthermore, this article discussed the improved activity, stability, and catalytic performance of BNS compared to the monometallic performance. The synthetic strategies reported here established a deeper understanding of the mechanisms and development of sophisticated and controlled BNS for widespread application.

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“…The presence of reducing agent is necessary for the bottom-up method. Co-reduction occurs when metal precursors of both metals are presented and having close reduction potential, leading to alloyed configuration (Bhol et al, 2020). Seededgrowth is performed through sequential reduction for coreshell configuration and anodic dissolution is conducted through the deposition of a metal on another firstly dissolved metal to form hollow configuration.…”

Anisotropic Silver Nanoparticles Gel Exhibits Antibacterial Action and Reduced Scar Formation on Wounds Contaminated with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in a Mice Model

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Nanoscale structural characterization of plasmon-driven reactions

“…Although interesting from a perspective of the fundamental physics and chemistry, these findings have unclear applicability in organic and inorganic synthesis due to low reactivity and a lack of selectivity provided by noble metals. Coupling noble and catalytic metals opens an avenue for the substantial improvement in catalytic activity and selectivity [105][106][107]. Bimetallic catalysts also demonstrate unique catalytic activity that is not evidence for their monometallic analogs [64][65][66].…”