Modern Blast Furnace Ironmaking

Geerdes, M.; Chaigneau, R.; Lingiardi, Oscar; Molenaar, Ron; Opbergen, Rob van; Yang, Sha; Warren, P. H.

doi:10.3233/stal9781643681238

Cited by 119 publications

(183 citation statements)

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“…If the opposite is the case and the dead man accumulates unburned coal particles and other fines resulting in a low porosity, the flow will be deflected toward a ring‐like area closer to the wall. The differences between a wall working and a central working furnace are illustrated by Geerdes et al [ 1 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Around 69% of the worldwide steel production is still based on pig iron production through the blast furnace (BF) route. [ 1 ] Although the overall process and the chemical reactions inside a BF are well understood, it still remains a sort of black box when it comes to local flow conditions and the movement of solid particles, gas, and liquids inside. Thus, there are a lot of issues during BF operation which cannot be fully explained on the basis of the available measurement data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sometimes the descent of the burden comes to a stop or suddenly drops down even for a few meters. This behavior is usually termed “hanging” and “slipping.” [ 1 ] Hanging and slipping of the burden can occur as local effects influencing only one or several neighboring tuyeres or can also appear on a large scale covering major parts or the entire BF. It can locally change the permeability of the burden and cause asymmetries in the BF, and they are also assumed as one of the reasons for the frequent occurrence of raceway blockages that can affect one or several tuyeres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Toward a Better Understanding of Blast Furnace Raceway Blockages

Puttinger

Stocker

2020

steel research int.

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Operational data of two small size blast furnaces (BFs) with respect to the occurrence of raceway blockages are analyzed. These blockages mainly occur due to erratic movements in the burden. In a previous project, the authors have investigated the various types of raceway blockages and tested different approaches to implement a reliable way to detect such blockages at a very early stage. Early detection of severe blockage events is important to avoid tuyere damages and trigger operational reactions like, e.g., the shutdown of pulverized coal injection (PCI) branches. The most promising algorithm of the previous project has been implemented in the process control system of the BFs and enhanced with the additional calculation of a strength factor serving as an indicator for the severity of a blockage event. The system is now collecting data on raceway blockages since the beginning of 2019. As there is now a good data basis available, herein, the latest findings on blockage event statistics and the correlation with other operational data of the BF are presented.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward a Better Understanding of Blast Furnace Raceway Blockages

Puttinger

Stocker

2020

steel research int.

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“…A pronounced change in the temperature field is clearly connected to a change in shape and location of the CZ which turned from an inverted V toward a weak W. This behavior indicates that our simulation actually corresponded to a “wall‐working furnace”. [ 45 ] The sequence of Figure 5a–d demonstrates that this transformation was a gradual process taking place over many hours and would not have been accessible from short‐term investigations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Data‐Assisted Particle‐Fluid Simulations of Heat Transfer in Blast Furnaces

Lichtenegger

Pirker

2020

steel research int.

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Detailed particle‐fluid simulations of moving bed reactors such as blast furnaces (BFs) are computationally very expensive. The wide range of temporal scales from short‐lived micromechanics to slow, macroscopic transport makes it almost impossible to study e.g., heat transfer over process‐relevant time scales. However, a recently introduced approach that uses high‐fidelity data obtained with the discrete element method (DEM) enables extremely fast data‐assisted simulations. Using this methodology, calculations are conducted, which are efficient enough to study granular motion through a BF slot model subject to heat transfer between the hot blast and the solid phase over many hours. These long durations make it possible to determine the thermal steady state including shape and location of the cohesive zone (CZ). While other approaches either have to predefine its properties or are bound to very small domain sizes, this novel strategy is applied to a large‐scale BF slot model with about 28 m height and 15 m width with hardly any prior knowledge. It constitutes an important step toward virtual experiments on BFs under realistic conditions and will allow researchers to gain new insights, perform variations of operating parameters, and ultimately build an online monitoring system.

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“…The only places permitting gas flow are the coke slits between cohesive ore charge layers ( Figure 1 ). Thus, the cohesive zone plays the role of a gas distributor in the charge materials solid-state area [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of Coke Layers Situation in the Cohesive Zone of Blast Furnace

2021

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Coke is the only batch component that does not soften in blast furnace thermal conditions. It is especially important at the temperatures of the cohesive zone forming because coke layers are the only gas-permeable charge. The aim of the work described in this article is the identification of individual coke layers situation in the cohesive zone. Numerical calculations of the cohesive zone situation are based on the horizontal below burden probe measures, however, coke layers are calculated using analytical geometry. The results can be presented as a bitmap; the individual and total area of the coke layers passing gases through the cohesive zone is also calculated. This form of results allows for subjective but quick assessment of the blast furnace operation by its crew.

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Modern Blast Furnace Ironmaking

Cited by 119 publications

References 0 publications

Toward a Better Understanding of Blast Furnace Raceway Blockages

Toward a Better Understanding of Blast Furnace Raceway Blockages

Toward Data‐Assisted Particle‐Fluid Simulations of Heat Transfer in Blast Furnaces

Calculation of Coke Layers Situation in the Cohesive Zone of Blast Furnace

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