Modern Aspects of the Problem of Relationship of Diseases of Periodontal and Diabetes I Type in Children

Abstract

The literature review considers selected modern scientific publications by foreign, Ukrainian and Russian authors regarding pathological changes in the periodontal tissues of children with type I diabetes.
 Analysis of scientific sources reveals that diabetes is acquiring the characteristics of omnipresent epidemic not only in Ukraine but also in the global scale. The unprecedented increase in the incidence of type I diabetes, even in children under 3 years of age should be taken into account too. It should be borne in mind that diabetes is characterized by a significant prevalence, lifelong course, early disability and high mortality rates. Although there are a number of authors claiming that dental diseases in children with diabetes are not more pronounced than in healthy ones, the vast majority of scientists still acknowledge such interconnection. They emphasize the regenerative ability of the oral mucosa is reduced, periodontal disease is a complication of diabetes and requires appropriate measures in the form of early diagnosis, prevention and treatment. The review provides information on current views on pathogenetic common features for endocrinological diseases and periodontal pathologies, namely: angiopathy (at the level of blood vessels of the microvasculature), metabolic disorders, changes in lipid peroxidation, autoaggression and the occurrence of secondary immunodeficiency. Research data on the nature and degree of indicators’ changes of oral immunity in chronic catarrhal gingivitis in somatically healthy children and children with concomitant somatic pathology are quite contradictory. There exists a need for further review of existing and conduct modern clinical studies related to biochemical processes in saliva and other body fluids, which could clarify the interrelationship between gingivitis, on the one hand, and type I diabetes, on the other. Thus, a deep and comprehensive study of the abovementioned relationship remains expedient, and the development of therapeutic measures in children with inflammatory periodontal diseases is especially relevant.