Modern aspects and results of sweet pepper breeding in Western Siberia

Abstract

Relevance. In Siberia, sweet pepper is grown both in the open and in the protected ground. For a short Siberian summer, it is important to have varieties adapted to the local bioclimatic potential: early ripening, for obtaining valuable products in the middle of summer, and the possibility of conducting seed production. The priority direction is the creation of varieties that are resistant to abiotic and biotic environmental factors, with high yield, product quality, and high vitamin C content.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in film unheated greenhouses and in the open ground at the West Siberian Vegetable Experimental Station-a branch of the Federal Research Center for Vegetable Growing. The material for research was collected, selected samples, varieties of pepper.Results and discussion. Breeding work on the culture of sweet pepper at the West Siberian Vegetable Experimental Station was started in the late 60s of the last century, active work – in the early 90s. The conditions of the sharply continental climate, with its mild frost-free period, require the creation of varieties capable of obtaining a commercial pepper crop, despite the negative impact of biofactors. The use of precocious varieties gives a guaranteed harvest by avoiding early autumn frosts. Breeding for precocity is one of the main directions of Siberian breeding. Over the years of selection, models of future varieties were created, more than 20 varieties of sweet pepper of various varietal types were created. The varieties obtained at the station all belong to the early-maturing group, with a period from germination to the first fruit harvest-98-116 days, a height of 40-80 cm during the fruiting period, compact, suitable for growing without a garter to the trellis. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of the initial breeding material, donors of economically valuable traits were selected, the inclusion of which in the breeding process contributed to the creation of a number of precocious pepper varieties of various variety types. The created varieties have a high biological potential in terms of adaptability, productivity, and biochemical parameters. Suitable for growing in various production sectors.

Study of middle-early cultivars and hybrids of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under irrigation within the conditions of Astrakhan region

“…The red, orange and yellow colors of peppers are due to carotenoid pigments formed in the fruits during ripening. Sweet pepper is considered as one of the main sources of vitamin C, previtamin A (β-carotene) and other carotenoid pigments such as lycopene and zeaxanthin [5,6]. Pepper is the leader by the content of vitamin C not only among vegetable crops, but also among citrus fruits [7,8].…”

“…To meet the high demand and consumption of pepper, it is necessary to increase the yield and expand the varietal assortment, taking into account the different uses of the fruit. It is possible to increase the productivity of sweet pepper through the introduction into production of new promising varieties and hybrids with high quality fruits that are resistant to diseases and pests [6,10,11].…”

Sweet pepper varieties for Western Siberia

“…The varieties are promising for cultivation in Siberia, able to meet the high demands of vegetable growers and consumers. Для короткого сибирского лета важно иметь сорта, хорошо приспособленные к этим условиям, обладающие высоким адаптивным потенциалом и позволяющие получать урожай в годы с различными погодными условиями [1]. Основным направлением селекции стало создание скороспелых сортов.…”

“…Основным направлением селекции стало создание скороспелых сортов. Особое значение при этом уделяется улучшению качества плодов: величине, мясистости, вкусо-№1/2022 Картофель и овощи Ñåëåêöèÿ è ñåìåíîâîäñòâî вым качествам и биохимическим показателям [2]. Учитывая особенности климата, были разработаны и успешно реализованы модели адаптивных сортов перца сладкого.…”