Modern applications of matrix isolation technique to investigation of radical species generated in atom–molecular chemical reactions

Trapping and thermal migration of the first- and second-row atoms in Ar, Kr and Xe crystals

“…Direct and indirect indications of the TIM were reported for the majority of the first-and second-row atoms, namely, for H, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Li, 20,21 B, 22,23 C, [24][25][26][27][28][29] N, [30][31][32][33][34] O (see ref. 35 and references therein) and F. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] However, the TIM activation energies and rates were reliably determined in the selected RG matrices only for H [5][6][7]9,12,13,15 and O 31,…”

Isolation and evolution of labile sulfur allotropesviakinetic encapsulation in interactive porous networks

“…Cryogenic trapping methods, coupled with spectroscopy or crystallography, have been widely used to investigate transient chemical species (Whittle et al, 1954;Misochko et al, 2003;Kawano, 2014;Edman et al, 1999), but these methods do not always allow the observation of very labile reactive intermediates. To circumvent this problem, we propose encapsulation of transient species in an interactive porous network under non-equilibrium conditions.…”

Fourier Transform Infrared-Probed O(3P) Microreactor: Demonstration with Ethylene Reactions in Argon Matrix

“…[1][2][3][4] Matrix isolation spectroscopy (MIS) has been developing over the last decades as an effective method for complementing gas-phase [5][6][7] and surface studies 8,9 by providing a source of information on intermediates and transition species. [10][11][12][13] These reactions have also been extensively studied due to their fundamental importance in combustion chemistry and photochemical air pollution. [14][15][16][17][18] Inert gas-isolated matrices indeed can act as an inert chemical microreactor, which permits fast relaxation of the excess energy of the reaction.…”

“…[14][15][16][17][18] Inert gas-isolated matrices indeed can act as an inert chemical microreactor, which permits fast relaxation of the excess energy of the reaction. 10 The matrix provides ideal conditions for stabilization of reactive intermediates characterized by short lifetime in the gas phase or on surfaces. The following criteria should be maintained for generating reactive intermediates in a solid-phase chemical reaction at low temperatures: (1) reactants must be isolated in the sample, (2) the radicals formed must be mobile in the solid matrix, and (3) the energy of the rad-ical or atom must be high enough to overcome the barrier to a reaction.…”

“…The following criteria should be maintained for generating reactive intermediates in a solid-phase chemical reaction at low temperatures: (1) reactants must be isolated in the sample, (2) the radicals formed must be mobile in the solid matrix, and (3) the energy of the rad-ical or atom must be high enough to overcome the barrier to a reaction. 10 With respect to ethylene air chemistry, Carter 19 has projected that the ozone formation potential of ethylene is significant in comparison to other volatile organic compounds (VOC). Ethylene and acetylene together constitute the largest contribution in the VOC composition from road traffic exhaust.…”