Modern and sub-fossil corals suggest reduced temperature variability in the eastern pole of the Indian Ocean Dipole during the medieval climate anomaly

Cahyarini, Sri Yudawati; Pfeiffer, Miriam; Reuning, Lars; Liebetrau, Volker; Dullo, Wolf Christian; Takayanagi, Hideko; Anwar, I P; Utami, Dwi Amanda; Garbe‐Schönberg, Dieter; Hendrizan, Marfasran; Eisenhauer, Anton

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94465-1

Cited by 7 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…In fact, the Enggano coral record indicates a short-lived cooling episode in the boreal fall season of 1972 followed by pronounced warming (Fig. 2), in response to the strong El Niño event that occurred in that year, which led to basin-scale Indian Ocean warming and above average precipitation in boreal winter and spring 5,22,26 . According to the Enggano SST record, the 1972 pIOD event would therefore classify as a moderate pIOD event.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements of JCp-1 had a median of 8.832, and a standard deviation of 0.009 (1 sigma) or 0.10% RSD. The chronology of the coral Sr/Ca records is developed using anchor points following 22 : we assigned September to the Sr/Ca maxima (on average the coldest month) and May to the Sr/Ca minima (the warmest month) in any given year. The data is then linearly interpolated to 12 monthly values per year.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tropical corals can be used to reconstruct past changes in SST at monthly resolution by measuring the Sr/Ca ratios in skeletal aragonite, which have been shown to be a very reliable paleothermometer and provide independent constraints on historical SST observations 5,17,18 . The high temporal resolution of coral proxy data allows the reconstruction of seasonal climatic phenomena such as the IOD [19][20][21][22] , and as coral Sr/Ca ratios are inversely correlated to ambient water temperatures during the corals' growth, they should mirror SST variability in the IODE region, including its non-linearity. To date, however, most coral reconstructions from the IODE region focused on coral δ 18 O 21 , which reflects a combination of SST and δ 18 O seawater and does not allow quantitative estimates of SST anomalies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, however, most coral reconstructions from the IODE region focused on coral δ 18 O 21 , which reflects a combination of SST and δ 18 O seawater and does not allow quantitative estimates of SST anomalies. In a recent study, 40-year coral Sr/Ca record from Enggano island, located off the coast of Sumatra (Indonesia) has been shown to track IODE SST variability 22 . Here, we extend this record back until 1930, present a replication core and reconstruct SST variability in the IODE region from Enggano coral Sr/ Ca ratios.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Coral Sr/Ca records provide realistic representation of eastern Indian Ocean cooling during extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole events

Pfeiffer¹,

Watanabe

Takayanagi

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) events are amplified by non-linear ocean–atmosphere interactions and are characterized by pronounced cooling in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. These non-linear feedbacks are not adequately represented in historical products of sea surface temperatures that underestimate the magnitude of extreme pIOD events. Here, we present a sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction based on monthly coral Sr/Ca ratios measured in two coral cores from Enggano Island (Indonesia), that lies in the eastern pole of the IOD. The coral SST reconstruction extends from 1930 to 2008 and captures the magnitude of cooling during extreme pIOD events as shown in recent satellite and reanalysis data of SST that include ocean dynamics. The corals indicate that the 1961 pIOD event was at least as severe as the 1997 event, while the 1963 pIOD was more comparable to the 2006 event. The magnitude 1967 pIOD is difficult to assess at present due to poor replication between coral cores, and may be comparable to either 1997 or 2006. Cooling during the 1972 pIOD was short-lived and followed by pronounced warming, as seen in the moderate pIOD event of 1982. A combination of coral SST reconstructions and an extension of new reanalysis products of SST to historical time scales could help to better assess the severity and impact of past pIOD events such as the ones seen in the 1960s.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Coral Sr/Ca records provide realistic representation of eastern Indian Ocean cooling during extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole events

Pfeiffer¹,

Watanabe

Takayanagi

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…Introduction The Medieval climate is variously defined from A.D. 800-1250 [1], from A.D. 900-1300 [2], from the 5 th to 13 th century [3]. The climate during Medieval is interpreted as warmer than today's climate, but if so, then those opposed to global warming used to claim that fossil fuel is not the cause of warming today [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

Warming trend during Medieval Climate Anomaly in Tropical Maritim Indonesia: Records from Porites Corals

Cahyarini¹,

Hendrizan²,

Utami³

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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A period that lasted from 900-1300 AD has been known as the Medieval Climate Anomaly. This period has been indicated as the warming period of the earth’s temperature. However, this warming phenomenon is still the subject of debate today, whether global or regional warming. Several studies concluded that the Medieval warm period is a global phenomenon and an important warm period, although external forcing is mainly similar to the present day. Several climate archives from Indonesia i.e. lake sediment, marine sediment and speleothem show a warming trend during this period. In this study, the seasonal warming trend during the Medieval climate is resolved from Porites coral from Lampung Bay, Indonesia. However, the seasonal temperature magnitude during the Medieval period is lower than today. This study confirms the coral medieval climate records from Mentawai islands. The result suggests that a warming trend occurred in Indonesia during the Medieval climate anomaly.

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Analyzing future marine cold spells in the tropical Indian Ocean: Insights from a regional Earth system model

Dinesh,

Kumar,

Mishra

et al. 2024

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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In this study, a future projection of marine cold spells (MCSs) over the tropical Indian Ocean is made using a fully coupled regional Earth system model, namely ROM, under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs): RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. In both RCPs, the future MCS properties have been estimated across three distinct time intervals: the near future (NF; 2010–2039), the middle future (MF; 2040–2069), and the far future (FF; 2070–2099). The future MCS computations were examined with respect to fixed historical baseline periods and varying baseline periods. MCSs were frequent, intense, and prolonged during the historical period. ROM effectively simulated these historical MCS metrics and their trends and outperformed the forcing general circulation model as well as the multimodel ensemble mean of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 models. In the future, MCSs will cease to occur in ∼13% (4%), ∼56% (66%) and ∼69% (93%) of the area of the tropical Indian Ocean in the NF, MF, and FF respectively under the RCP4.5 (RCP8.5) scenario using a fixed historical baseline period. This departure of MCSs led to the disappearance of events, first identified over the Arabian Sea in both RCPs. The decrease in net heat flux and increase in wind speed contribute to the genesis and severity of MCS events. Further, during the El Niño regime, the MCS events dramatically decrease due to the basin‐wide warming, but during the La Niña phase, the MCS intensity and spatial range increase. This study further investigates the sensitivity of MCSs with the choice of baseline period. Adopting varying baseline periods over time does not result in the disappearance of MCSs but does produce declining trends in MCS activity, highlighting the need for careful consideration in choosing a baseline period.

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Modern and sub-fossil corals suggest reduced temperature variability in the eastern pole of the Indian Ocean Dipole during the medieval climate anomaly

Cited by 7 publications

References 80 publications

Coral Sr/Ca records provide realistic representation of eastern Indian Ocean cooling during extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole events

Coral Sr/Ca records provide realistic representation of eastern Indian Ocean cooling during extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole events

Warming trend during Medieval Climate Anomaly in Tropical Maritim Indonesia: Records from Porites Corals

Analyzing future marine cold spells in the tropical Indian Ocean: Insights from a regional Earth system model

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