Moderator Role of Monitoring in the Inhibitory Control of Adolescents With ADHD

Abstract

Results suggest that monitoring compensates the poor performance of inhibitory control in adolescents with ADHD, which is a contribution to the theoretical construction of ADHD and to the treatments proposed for this condition because it goes beyond the classic conception of a causality chain among the deficit of inhibitory control and ADHD symptomatology to propose a new explanation about this disorder, where neuropsychology intervention of monitoring would diminish ADHD's symptomatology impact on adolescents.

The impact of exercise interventions concerning executive functions of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The underlying mechanism of exercise-induced EF improvements might be related to two aspects. First, from a practical perspective, children with special educational needs and initially lagging EFs gain more cognitive benefits from interventions than the general population [ 25 ]. Individuals with the poorest performance at the baseline have the greatest opportunity for improvement, whereas individuals with high levels of performance are limited in gaining more [ 86 ].…”

“…Inhibitory control and working memory have been reported as the most consistently impaired domains in ADHD [22]. Impaired inhibitory control in children with ADHD is closely associated with delayed self-regulation of emotions, deficits in selfdirected speech and reduced allocation of attentional resources [23][24][25]. ADHD-related working memory deficits strongly predict visual inattention, social impairment including peer relationships and inattentive and hyperactive behaviours [26,27].…”

A Network Approach to Understanding the Role of Executive Functioning and Alpha Oscillations in Inattention and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Symptoms of ADHD

“…For example, a study by Lenartowicz et al (2014) found robust group differences in the modulation of alpha-band power during the encoding and retrieval phases of a spatial working memory task between TD controls and children with ADHD. Differences in alpha event-related decrease (ERD) between an ADHD sample and typically developing controls are not exclusive to children and are also found across the age span ( Fosco et al, 2021 ; Michelini et al, 2022 ; Ramos-Galarza & Pérez-Salas, 2021 ). Overall, weaker alpha power modulation in ADHD samples is consistent with an altered neurocognitive system contributing to difficulties in attentional shifting and engagement during stimulus processing ( Herrmann & Knight, 2001 ).…”

“…EFs are significantly associated with ADHD severity and may play an essential role in explaining the intra-individual differences in symptoms and symptom improvement in ADHD ( Willcutt et al, 2005 ). Previous studies have found that EF is an important moderator for behavioral and stimulant medication treatment outcomes, highlighting the practical importance of understanding EF in the ADHD population ( Fosco et al, 2021 ; Ramos-Galarza & Pérez-Salas, 2021 ).…”