Moderate to vigorous physical activity and risk of upper-respiratory tract infection

Matthews, Charles E.; Ockene, Ira S.; Freedson, Patty S.; Rosal, Milagros C.; Merriam, Philip A.; Hébert, James R.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200208000-00003

Cited by 225 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Nevertheless, small variations in the scoring were taken into account by using a continuous grading scale for intakes close to NNR cut-offs. Our results on physical activity and URTI are supported by previous studies which have suggested a protective association on URTI of moderate levels of physical activity (28) , possibly mediated by a higher circulating number of natural killer cells found in resting athletes (29) . Although we cannot rule out a potential effect of reverse causality, to minimize this possibility we assessed exposure before outcome (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The FFQ does not assess the entire IRR, incidence rate ratio. *IRR for all adherence scores were adjusted for age (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)30-39, 40-49 and 50-60 years), sex, energy intake (in four categories), BMI (low, normal, overweight and obese), weakened immune system (yes/no), asthma (yes/no), perceived stress (below and above median), education level (secondary school or less and university), smoking (daily/less frequent/previous/never) and month (February to May).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations as a measure of a healthy diet and upper respiratory tract infection

Fondell

Christensen

Bälter

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The Nordic countries have published joint dietary recommendations, the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR), since 1980. We evaluated adherence to the NNR as a measure of a healthy diet and its potential association with self-reported upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Design: A prospective, population-based study with a follow-up period of 4 months. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative FFQ with ninetysix items, along with other lifestyle factors, at baseline. URTI was assessed every three weeks. A Poisson regression model was used to control for age, sex and other confounding factors. Setting: A middle-sized county in northern Sweden. Subjects: Swedish men and women (n 1509) aged 20-60 years. Results: The NNR include recommendations on macronutrient proportions, physical activity and intake of micronutrients, sodium, fibre and alcohol. We found that overall adherence to the NNR was moderately good. In addition, we found that high adherence to the NNR (.5?5 adherence points) was not associated with a lower risk of URTI (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0?89, 95 % CI 0?73, 1?08) compared with low adherence (,4?5 adherence points). When investigating individual components of the NNR, only high physical activity was associated with lower URTI risk (IRR 5 0?82, 95 % CI 0?69, 0?97) whereas none of the dietary components were associated with risk of URTI. Conclusions: Overall adherence to the NNR was moderately good. Overall adherence to the NNR was not associated with URTI risk in our study. However, when investigating individual components of the NNR, we found that high physical activity was associated with lower URTI risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations as a measure of a healthy diet and upper respiratory tract infection

Fondell

Christensen

Bälter

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

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“…The intensity and duration of exercise plays a key role in determining responses to exercise (Fielding et al, 2000;Matthews et al, 2002). In Nieman's ''J-shaped model'' for upper respiratory tract infection it was postulated that exercise could enhance or reduce immunity depending on the frequency, duration, and intensity of the exercise (Nieman, 1994).…”

Section: Cell Defense and Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms of glutamine action

Curi

Lagranha

Doi

et al. 2005

Journal Cellular Physiology

411

300

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Glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid in the body and is known to play a regulatory role in several cell specific processes including metabolism (e.g., oxidative fuel, gluconeogenic precursor, and lipogenic precursor), cell integrity (apoptosis, cell proliferation), protein synthesis, and degradation, contractile protein mass, redox potential, respiratory burst, insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. Glutamine has been shown to regulate the expression of many genes related to metabolism, signal transduction, cell defense and repair, and to activate intracellular signaling pathways. Thus, the function of glutamine goes beyond that of a simple metabolic fuel or protein precursor as previously assumed. In this review, we have attempted to identify some of the common mechanisms underlying the regulation of glutamine dependent cellular functions.

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“…A intensidade, a duração e a freqüência do exercício exercem papel chave na determinação das respostas imunológicas, podendo aumentar ou reduzir tal função 1,2 . A prática de atividade física regular realizada em intensidade moderada pode levar à redução na ocorrência de infecções, especialmente do trato respiratório superior (ITRSs) 1 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…A prática de atividade física regular realizada em intensidade moderada pode levar à redução na ocorrência de infecções, especialmente do trato respiratório superior (ITRSs) 1 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Influência do exercício físico agudo realizado até a exaustão sobre o número de leucócitos, linfócitos e citocinas circulantes

Prestes

Ferreira

Frollini³

et al. 2007

Fit Per J

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Moderate to vigorous physical activity and risk of upper-respiratory tract infection

Abstract: These data support the hypothesis that moderate levels of physical activity are associated with a reduced risk for URTI.

Cited by 225 publications

References 23 publications

Adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations as a measure of a healthy diet and upper respiratory tract infection

Adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations as a measure of a healthy diet and upper respiratory tract infection

Molecular mechanisms of glutamine action

Influência do exercício físico agudo realizado até a exaustão sobre o número de leucócitos, linfócitos e citocinas circulantes

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