Moderate Salinity Does Not Affect Germination of Several Cool- and Warm-Season Turfgrasses

Johnson, Casey J.; Leinauer, Bernd; Ulery, April; Karcher, Douglas E.; Goss, Ryan M.

doi:10.1094/ats-2007-0912-01-rs

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Final germination percentage of seashore paspalum was low at all salinities tested, ranging from %60% at levels lower than 7.0 dSÁm -1 to 14% at 22.5 dSÁm -1 (Table 3). Our findings are similar to those of Johnson et al (2007), who reported a germination percentage of 65% for 'Sea Spray' seashore paspalum at salinity levels of 2.0 and 3.0 dSÁm -1 . Shahba et al (2008) documented generally low germination under highly saline conditions for halophytes, which, according to Dodd and Donovan (1999), can be explained by the high sensitivity of halophytic grasses to osmotic stress during the germination stage.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, with the exception of Wang and Zhang (2010) and Zhang et al (2011), only low salinity levels were tested in the aforementioned studies. Blotter or filter paper has also been widely used as a germination medium to screen for salinity tolerance in turfgrasses (Camberato and Martin, 2004;Johnson et al, 2007;Lunt et al, 1961;Marcar, 1987;Qian and Suplick, 2001;Serena et al, 2010;Shahba et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2011). As reported by Dudeck et al (1986), blotter paper tends to lose more water than agar media and salinity levels surrounding the seed may be higher in blotter paper than in agar.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Media Selection and Seed Coating Influence Germination of Turfgrasses under Salinity

Serena¹,

Leinauer²,

Sallenave³

et al. 2012

horts

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Germination of five turfgrass species [‘Barrister’ kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), ‘Barvado’ tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), ‘Premier II’ perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), ‘Bargusto’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.), and ‘Sea Spray’ seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum O. Swartz)] from coated (ZEBA® cornstarch coating; Absorbent Technologies Inc., Beaverton, OR) and uncoated seeds was evaluated on both filter paper and agar. Final germination percentage (FGP) and germination rate (GR) were determined at salinity levels of 0.6 (tap water, control), 2.2 (saline groundwater from a local shallow aquifer), and 7.0, 12.5, and 22.5 dS·m−1 [sodium chloride and calcium chloride (1:1, w:w) dissolved in tap water]. Final germination percentage for kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, and tall fescue was greater in agar at all salinity levels but was unaffected by the medium at any of the salinities except for 7 dS·m−1 for bermudagrass and seashore paspalum. Coated seashore paspalum and coated perennial ryegrass seed exhibited greater germination than uncoated seed at four of the five salinity levels. Seed coating had no effect on FGP of bermudagrass at any salinity level and coated kentucky bluegrass seed showed reduced germination at 0.6 and 7.0 dS·m−1. Final germination percentage for seashore paspalum improved from 22% to 54% at 12.5 dS·m−1 and from 8% to 20% at 22.5 dS·m−1 when coated seed was used instead of uncoated seed. Germination rates were unaffected by salinity levels ranging from 0.6 to 12.5 dS·m−1 and were higher on agar (10%/day) than on paper (8%/day). Our study suggests that the choice of medium can influence the outcome of germination tests and that results can also vary depending on the salinity level tested and whether the seed are coated.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

Media Selection and Seed Coating Influence Germination of Turfgrasses under Salinity

Serena¹,

Leinauer²,

Sallenave³

et al. 2012

horts

Self Cite

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“…1 and 2). Johnson et al (2007) reported a similar germination of bermudagrass and zoysiagrass seeds under low salinity (3 dS • m -1 or less), consistent with findings of this study. In another experiment, however, seed germination rate of bermudagrass was significantly higher than kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, and seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) under saline conditions (EC = 0.6 to 22.5 dS • m -1 ) (Serena et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Alkalinity Showed Limited Effect on Turfgrass Germination under Low to Moderate Salinity

Zhang

Rue

2014

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Saline and alkaline conditions often coexist in nature. Unlike salinity that causes osmotic and ionic stresses, alkalinity reflects the impact of high pH on plant growth and development. In this research, seven turfgrass species, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon (L.) Pers.], and alkaligrass [Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl.], were germinated under 10 saline–alkaline conditions [two salinity concentrations (25 and 50 mm) × five alkalinity levels (pH = 7.2, 8.4, 9.1, 10.0, 10.8)] in a controlled environment. Seed germination was evaluated based on final germination percentage and daily germination rate. Alkaligrass and kentucky bluegrass showed the highest and lowest germination under saline conditions, respectively. Limited variations in germination were observed in other species, except bermudagrass, which showed a low germination rate at 50 mm salinity. Alkalinity did not cause a significant effect on seed germination of tested turfgrass species.

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“…The positive impact of saline water on turf growth has also been documented by other studies. Johnson, Leinauer, Ulery, Karcher, and Goss () and Schiavon et al. () found better establishment from saline groundwater compared to potable irrigation water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Nitrogen fertilization of warm‐season turfgrasses irrigated with saline water from varying irrigation systems. 1. Quality, spring green‐up and fall colour retention

Serena

Schiavon

Sallenave

et al. 2017

J Agronomy Crop Science

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A 3‐year study was conducted at New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, NM, to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments on turf performance when water conservation strategies are applied. These strategies include the use of non‐potable saline irrigation water and the use of efficient subsurface irrigation systems. Two low water use warm‐season grasses, “Princess 77” bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) and “Sea Spray” seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum O. Swartz), were irrigated with either potable [Electrical Conductivity (EC) = 0.6 dS/m] or saline (EC = 3.1 dS/m) water from either an overhead or a subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system. Four different fertilizers, liquid slow release, granular slow release, granular urea and liquid urea, were applied at two rates: 10 and 20 g N m−2 year−1 for “Sea Spray” and 20 and 30 g N m−2 year−1 for “Princess 77.” Spring green‐up, summer quality and fall colour retention were determined using digital image analysis, visual quality ratings and normalized difference vegetation index. Generally, subsurface drip‐irrigated grasses were slower to green‐up than overhead irrigated ones. “Sea Spray” irrigated from the SDI system took 18, 28 and 15 days longer to reach 80% green cover in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, than their sprinkler‐irrigated counterparts. The combination of “Princess 77” and overhead irrigation reached 80% green cover 35 (in 2010), 34 (in 2011) and 12 (in 2012) days faster than SDI‐irrigated “Princess 77.” Fertilization rate and type had no effect on summer turfgrass quality of “Princess 77” irrigated from a sprinkler system throughout the research period reaching ratings of greater than 7 during all 3 years. Similar results were observed for “Princess 77” irrigated from a SDI system during 2010 and 2011. Summer quality of sprinkler‐irrigated “Sea Spray” was negatively affected by liquid fertilization. During two of three summers, visual quality of plots fertilized with either liquid slow release or liquid urea was lower than “Sea Spray” fertilized with granular fertilizer. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of fertilization on bermudagrass and seashore paspalum over a wider nitrogen range including both granular and foliar products.

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Moderate Salinity Does Not Affect Germination of Several Cool- and Warm-Season Turfgrasses

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Media Selection and Seed Coating Influence Germination of Turfgrasses under Salinity

Media Selection and Seed Coating Influence Germination of Turfgrasses under Salinity

Alkalinity Showed Limited Effect on Turfgrass Germination under Low to Moderate Salinity

Nitrogen fertilization of warm‐season turfgrasses irrigated with saline water from varying irrigation systems. 1. Quality, spring green‐up and fall colour retention

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