Moderate physical exercise improves lymphocyte function in melanoma-bearing mice on a high-fat diet

Abstract

Background Obesity can lead to a chronic systemic inflammatory state that increases the risk of cancer development. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the alterations in tumor non-infiltrated lymphocytes function and melanoma growth in animals maintained on a high-fat diet and/or moderate physical exercise program in a murine model of melanoma. Methods Female mice were randomly divided into eight groups: 1) normolipidic control (N), 2) normolipidic + melanoma (NM), 3) high-fat control (H), 4) high-fat + melanoma (HM), 5) normolipidic control + physical exercise (NE), 6) normolipidic melanoma + physical exercise (NEM), 7) high-fat control + physical exercise (HE), and 8) high-fat melanoma + physical exercise (HEM). After 8 weeks of diet treatment and/or moderate physical exercise protocol, melanoma was initiated by explanting B16F10 cells into one-half of the animals. Results Animals fed a high-fat diet presented high-energy consumption (30%) and body weight gain (H and HE vs N and NE, 37%; HM and HEM vs NM and NEM, 73%, respectively), whether or not they carried melanoma explants. Although the tumor growth rate was higher in animals from the HM group than in animals from any other sedentary group, it was reduced by the addition of a physical exercise regimen. We also observed an increase in stimulated peripheral lymphocyte proliferation and a decrease in the T-helper 1 response in the HEM group. Conclusions The results of the present study support the hypothesis that altering function of tumor non-infiltrated lymphocytes via exercise-related mechanisms can slow melanoma progression, indicating that the incorporation of a regular practice of moderate-intensity exercises can be a potential strategy for current therapeutic regimens in treating advanced melanoma.

High-intensity exercise improves cognitive function and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in obese mice maintained on high-fat diet

“…This is an intensity of exercise that can be performed regularly daily even in obese mice and does not mean high-resistance or exhaustive exercise. In our opinion, the high-intensity exercise protocol in this study may be close to a regular moderate exercise protocol in other many previous studies (Baek et al, 2018a;Baek et al, 2018b;Baek et al, 2019;Dos Santos et al, 2019). Therefore, in actual clinical applications, these facts must be reflected to set exercise intensity.…”

Modern Aspects of Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors in Melanoma

“…In addition, a physical activity prior to tumor cells inoculation led to a strong reduction of primary tumor growth and numbers of lung metastasis in those mice. Other study demonstrated that the growth of B16F10 melanoma in mice on high-fat diet was accelerated as compared to mice receiving a balanced diet [114]. Importantly, this growth increase was significantly reduced by continuous physical exercise that was associated with the lymphocyte proliferation [114].…”

“…Other study demonstrated that the growth of B16F10 melanoma in mice on high-fat diet was accelerated as compared to mice receiving a balanced diet [114]. Importantly, this growth increase was significantly reduced by continuous physical exercise that was associated with the lymphocyte proliferation [114]. In melanoma patients, exercises undertaken before diagnosis were not significantly correlated with a reduction in cancer-related or overall mortality [115].…”

Moderne Aspekte der Immuntherapie mit Checkpoint-Inhibitoren bei Melanom

“…Daneben bewirkte körperliche Aktivität vor der Tumorzellinokulation bei diesen Mäusen einen starken Rückgang des Primärtumorwachstums und der Anzahl von Lungenmetastasen. In einer anderen Studie war das Wachstum des B16F10-Melanoms bei Mäusen, die fettreich ernährt wurden, im Vergleich zu Mäusen, die eine ausgewogene Ernährung erhielten, beschleunigt [114]. Bedeutsam ist dabei, dass diese Wachstumszunahme durch kontinuierliche körperliche Bewegung, die mit der Proliferation von Lymphozyten verbunden war, signifikant verringert wurde [114].…”

“…In einer anderen Studie war das Wachstum des B16F10-Melanoms bei Mäusen, die fettreich ernährt wurden, im Vergleich zu Mäusen, die eine ausgewogene Ernährung erhielten, beschleunigt [114]. Bedeutsam ist dabei, dass diese Wachstumszunahme durch kontinuierliche körperliche Bewegung, die mit der Proliferation von Lymphozyten verbunden war, signifikant verringert wurde [114]. Bei Melanom-Patienten fand sich keine signifikante Korrelation zwischen sportlichen Aktivitäten vor der Diagnose und dem Rückgang der krebsbedingten oder Gesamtmortalität [115].…”