Moderate intermittent hypoxia: Effect on two-choice reaction time followed by a significant delay in recovery

Phillips, Jeffrey B.; Simmons, Rita G.; Florian, John P.; Horning, Dain S; Lojewski, Renee A.; Chandler, Joseph F.

doi:10.1037/e578542012-006

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, skin pigmentation, sex, and NIRS design increase ScO 2 variability ( Bickler et al, 2013 ). This may underpin the inconsistent findings compared with arterial blood oxygenation following hypoxic exposure as ScO 2 has been shown to decline to a similar ( Ottestad et al, 2018 ), lower ( Williams et al, 2019 ), and greater ( Phillips et al, 2009 ) extent to SpO 2 .…”

Section: Quantifying Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recovery Of Brain Function Following Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive impairment may persist for several minutes-to-hours following arterial blood reoxygenation ( Phillips et al, 2009 , 2015 ; Beer et al, 2017 ; Varis et al, 2019 ). For example, after 10 min normobaric hypoxia (simulated 20,000 ft), reaction times were impaired during a 10-min recovery (normoxic) period, despite resolution of hypoxaemia within ~1 min ( Phillips et al, 2009 ). This was suggested to be due to poor cerebral reoxygenation ( Phillips et al, 2009 ), which was also demonstrated in follow-up study for up to 24 h following 30 min normobaric hypoxia (simulated 18,000 ft), which occurred alongside impaired simple and choice reaction speed ( Phillips et al, 2015 ); therefore, the brain may reoxygenate at a slower rate to peripheral tissue.…”

Section: Recovery Of Brain Function Following Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, after 10 min normobaric hypoxia (simulated 20,000 ft), reaction times were impaired during a 10-min recovery (normoxic) period, despite resolution of hypoxaemia within ~1 min ( Phillips et al, 2009 ). This was suggested to be due to poor cerebral reoxygenation ( Phillips et al, 2009 ), which was also demonstrated in follow-up study for up to 24 h following 30 min normobaric hypoxia (simulated 18,000 ft), which occurred alongside impaired simple and choice reaction speed ( Phillips et al, 2015 ); therefore, the brain may reoxygenate at a slower rate to peripheral tissue. This means that performance of operational tasks or implementation of emergency recovery procedures may continue to be compromised following apparent recovery from hypoxia.…”

Section: Recovery Of Brain Function Following Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypoxic Hypoxia and Brain Function in Military Aviation: Basic Physiology and Applied Perspectives

Shaw

Cabre²

2021

Front. Physiol.

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Acute hypobaric hypoxia (HH) is a major physiological threat during high-altitude flight and operations. In military aviation, although hypoxia-related fatalities are rare, incidences are common and are likely underreported. Hypoxia is a reduction in oxygen availability, which can impair brain function and performance of operational and safety-critical tasks. HH occurs at high altitude, due to the reduction in atmospheric oxygen pressure. This physiological state is also partially simulated in normobaric environments for training and research, by reducing the fraction of inspired oxygen to achieve comparable tissue oxygen saturation [normobaric hypoxia (NH)]. Hypoxia can occur in susceptible individuals below 10,000 ft (3,048 m) in unpressurised aircrafts and at higher altitudes in pressurised environments when life support systems malfunction or due to improper equipment use. Between 10,000 ft and 15,000 ft (4,572 m), brain function is mildly impaired and hypoxic symptoms are common, although both are often difficult to accurately quantify, which may partly be due to the effects of hypocapnia. Above 15,000 ft, brain function exponentially deteriorates with increasing altitude until loss of consciousness. The period of effective and safe performance of operational tasks following exposure to hypoxia is termed the time-of-useful-consciousness (TUC). Recovery of brain function following hypoxia may also lag beyond arterial reoxygenation and could be exacerbated by repeated hypoxic exposures or hyperoxic recovery. This review provides an overview of the basic physiology and implications of hypoxia for military aviation and discusses the utility of hypoxia recognition training.

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